Table 3.

ACE inhibitors vs. SGLT2 inhibitors

	ACE inhibitors	SGLT2 inhibitors
Approved indications	Hypertension  Chronic kidney disease, most effective with proteinuria  Heart failure  ST-elevation myocardial infarction  Patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension if diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, or chronic kidney disease also present	Type 2 diabetes mellitus  Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the setting of type 2 diabetes mellitus  Chronic kidney disease with proteinuria with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus  Heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction
Mechanism of action	Inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II promoting efferent arteriolar dilatation and decrease aldosterone secretion.	Block sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) leading to decreased glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule
Side effects	Dry cough  Hypotension  Dizziness, syncope  Hyperkalemia	Genitourinary infections including UTI and candida infections  Hypotension  Diabetic ketoacidosis  Fragility fractures  Lower limb amputations