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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2021 Feb 1;46(3):E203–E212. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003751

Table 2.

Group LDD Preoperative Opioid Use

Lumbar Decompression With 5-year Follow up (N = 11,551)
Acute Use Subacute Use Chronic Use
Hydromorphone 162 (1.4%) 23 (0.2%) 12 (0.1%)
Oxycodone 1822 (15.8%) 569 (4.9%) 485 (4.2%)
Hydrocodone 5028 (43.5%) 2329 (20.2%) 2133 (18.5%)
Tramadol 1307 (11.3%) 522 (4.5%) 406 (3.5%)
ER oxycodone 65 (0.6%) 26 (0.2%) 12 (0.1%)

ER indicates extended release; LDD, lumbar decompression/discectomy.