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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2021 Feb 15;46(4):259–267. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003833

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

The lumbar indentation value (LIV) is the perpendicular distance between the spinous process and a line tangential to bilateral paralumbar muscle bulges.