Table 1.

Main characteristics of the studies.

Study	Study design	State or regions	Zone	Age	Number of cervical cancer patients	Number of HPV-positive samples	Method of testing HPV
Baskaran 2015[1]	Prospective observational study	Tamil Nadu	South	30–65 years	67	63	PCR
Basu 2009[2]	Cross-sectional study	West Bengal, Karnataka, New Delhi, Maharashtra	Multiple	51.4 (mean)	278	232	PCR
Bhatla 2006[3]	Cross-sectional study	New-Delhi	North	NA	106	104	PCR
Das 2013[4]	Cross-sectional study	Assam	East	NA	107	105	Nested PCR
Gautam 2023[5]	Cross-sectional study	New-Delhi	North	NA	108	78	PCR
Gheit 2009[6]	Cross-sectional study	Maharashtra	Central	NA	168	113	PCR
Kumar 2021[7]	Cross-sectional study	Bihar	East	NA	96	96	PCR
Kuriakose 2020[8]	Cross-sectional study	Kerala	South	56 (mean)	114	90	PCR
Nagaraja 2023[9]	Cross-sectional study	Andhra Pradesh	South	NA	204	163	NM-PCR
Patel 2014[10]	Cross-sectional study	Gujarat	West	51.3 (mean)	52	31	PCR
Peedicayil 2006[11]	Cross-sectional study	Tamil Nadu	South	NA	119	113	PCR
Saranath 2002[12]	Cross-sectional study	Maharashtra	Central	NA	337	258	PCR
Sontakke 2019[13]	Cross-sectional study	Maharashtra	Central	NA	144	82	PCR
Srivastava 2021[14]	Cross-sectional study	Uttar Pradesh	North	21 (mean)	130	17	PCR
Thobias 2021[15]	Cohort study	Ahmedabad	West	NA	400	348	PCR
Sowjanya 2005[16]	Prospective observational study	Hyderabad	South	55 (median)	41	36	PCR-based line blot assay
Gupta 2022[17]	Cross-sectional study	Bhopal	South	31–70 years	58	48	Multiplex RT-PCR

NM-PCR = non-multiplex polymerase chain reaction, PCR = polymerase chain reaction.