Table 3.
Studies included that compared autologous versus implant-based breast reconstruction
| Study authors | Year | Country | Study design | Total (n) | Implant (n) | Autologous (n) | Type of autologous | Mental health scales used | Mental health impact: directionality of autologous vs. implant-based |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gopie et al. (43) | 2014 | Netherlands | Prospective cohort | 98 | 25 | 73 | DIEP | SF-36, IES | Positive |
| Pusic et al. (44) | 2017 | USA | Prospective cohort | 1,632 | 1,139 | 493 | Mixed | GAD-7, PHQ-9 | Positive |
| Thorarinsson et al. (45) | 2017 | Sweden | Retrospective cross-sectional | 459 | 253 | 206 | DIEP, LD | SF-36, PGWB | Positive |
| Franchelli et al. (39) | 1995 | Italy | Retrospective cross-sectional | 102 | 52 | 50 | TRAM | PDI, STAI | Positive |
| Eltahir et al. (46) | 2015 | Netherlands | Retrospective cross-sectional | 92 | 45 | 47 | Mixed | HADS, SF-36 | Positive |
| Cederna et al. (47) | 1995 | USA | Retrospective cross-sectional | 22 | 14 | 8 | TRAM | FSQ | Positive |
| Winters et al. (48) | 2016 | UK | Prospective cohort | 206 | 93 | 113 | LD | HADS, FACT-B, EORTC | Positive |
| Winters et al. (49) | 2013 | UK | Prospective cohort | 182 | 82 | 100 | LD | HADS, FACT-B, EORTC | Neutral |
| Wilkins et al. (38) | 2000 | USA | Prospective cohort | 250 | 56 | 194 | TRAM | SF-36, FACT-B | Neutral |
| Honkanen et al. (50) | 2021 | Finland | Retrospective cross-sectional | 115 | 10 | 105 | Mixed | HADS, SF-36, BDI | Neutral |
| Agius et al. (40) | 2016 | Malta | Retrospective cross-sectional | 42 | NA | NA | Mixed | SF-36 | Neutral |
| Juhl et al. (41) | 2017 | Denmark | Retrospective cross-sectional | 144 | 49 | 68 | Abdominal flap | BDI, IES | Neutral |
| Tønseth et al. (51) | 2008 | Norway | Retrospective cross-sectional | 64 | 30 | 34 | DIEP | SF-36 | Neutral |
| Rubino et al. (21) | 2007 | Italy | Prospective cohort | 33 | 16 | 17 | TRAM | HAM-A, HAM-D | Neutral |
| Timman et al. (52) | 2017 | Netherlands | Prospective cohort | 114 | 69 | 75 | DIEP | HADS, IES | Negative |
| Gopie et al. (53) | 2013 | Netherlands | Retrospective cross-sectional | 150 | 64 | 86 | DIEP | HADS, IES | Negative |
DIEP, Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap; SF-36, Short Form – 36 items; IES, Impact of Events Scale; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; LD, latissimus dorsi flap; PGWB, Psychological General Well-Being Index; TRAM, transverse rectus abdominis muscle flap; PDI, Psychological Distress Inventory; STAI, State Trait Anxiety Inventory; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; FSQ, Functional Status Questionnaire; FACT-B, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast; EORTC, European Organization For Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Instruments; BDI, Beck’s Depression Inventory; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Ranking Scale; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.