Appendix A.

Variables Included in Analysis

Variable Name	New Immigrant Survey Question Wording	Survey Section Source
Gender	I need to ask these questions of everyone, are you male or female?	A
SEI	What kind of work do you do in this job?	C*
Years in US	Now I would like to ask you about your most recent move. In what month and year did you most recently move?	K
Education Outside the US	Now, I have a few questions about your education. How many years of schooling in total have you completed? How many of these years in school were spent in the United States?	A
Education Inside the US
Pre-Migration Occupational Prestige	I’m interested in learning more about the kinds of jobs people have had in their lives both in the United States and in foreign countries. Now I would like to ask you questions about some of the jobs you have had since your sixteenth birthday. Before you came to the United States, had you ever worked for pay or as a family worker in a household enterprise?; What kind of work did you do on this job?	B*
Childhood Income	Now I’d like to ask you some questions about when you were a child. Thinking about the time when you were 16 years old, compared with families in the country where you grew up, would you say your family income during that time was far below average, below average, average, above average, or far above average?	A
Childhood Rural	Were you living in a rural area when about age 10?	A
Social Group Dummy	I’m going to ask you now about things that you did before coming to the United States. While living outside of the United States did you give money, time or goods to any of the following organizations outside of the United States? A labor union?; A business or professional organization?; A charitable organization?; A sports or recreational association?; A social club or community group?; An ethnic or national origin association?	J
Linguistic Incorporation	How well would you say you speak English? (1-Very well to 4-Not at all)	J
Region Born	In what country were you born?	A
Race	What race do you consider yourself to be?	N
Age	In what year were you born?	A
US Region		A
Married	Are you now: Married?; Living together in a marriage-like relationship but not married?; Separated?; Divorced?; Widowed?; Never married, not living with someone in a marriage like relationship?	A
Children	Now, we would like to ask about births of children. How many children have you yourself ever given birth to / have you ever fathered?	A
Household Size	Including yourself, how many people are currently living in your household?	A
Years in the Job	In what year did you start working in [occupation]?	C
Hours per Week	How many hours a week do you usually work at this job?	C

Notes:

^*Signifies NIS data merged on occupations with occupational prestige scores from the 2003 American Community Survey. Steven Ruggles, Sarah Flood, Ronald Goeken, Megan Schouweiler and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS USA: Version 12.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2022. https://doi.org/10.18128/D010.V12.0.