Fig. 1.

Phylogenetic reconstruction supports three independent origins of piscivory and a single shift to molluscivory in Conus. a) Example images of prey capture by vermivorous, piscivorous, and molluscivorous cone snails (from left to right). b) and c) Ancestral state reconstruction of prey preference from 1,000 stochastic character mappings using model weights from irreversible 1 Mk-trait model of evolution (see Methods and supplementary table S2, Supplementary Material online). ML tree and Bayesian tree are shown in panels (b) and (c), respectively. The terminal nodes show the prey preference of the extant cone snail species, whereas the internal nodes show the posterior probabilities of the ancestral states. Subgenera information is provided next to species names. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Conus was built using a concatenated alignment of 12 conserved housekeeping genes found in all species (see supplementary fig. S1, Supplementary Material online for unpruned tree with branch support).