Table 2:
Long-term outcomes by treatment group
| Placebo | Haloperidol | Ziprasidone | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Cognitive Endpoints | |||
| 3-mo Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status T-score* | 39 [30–51] | 42 [30–51] | 39 [33–51] |
| 3-mo cognitive impairment | 33 (37%) of 90 | 25 (30%) of 82 | 29 (33%) of 87 |
| 12-mo Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status T-score* | 42 [30–51] | 46 [31–51] | 42 [33–51] |
| 12-mo cognitive impairment | 23 (29%) of 78 | 22 (33%) of 66 | 26 (33%) of 78 |
|
| |||
| Functional, Psychological, and Quality of Life Endpoints | |||
| 3-mo Katz activities of daily living | 1 [0–4] | 0 [0–2] | 1 [0–4] |
| 12-mo Katz activities of daily living | 0 [0–2] | 0[0–1] | 0 [0–2] |
| 3-mo Functional Activities Questionnaire | 5 [1–12] | 5 [2–12] | 6 [1–14] |
| 12-mo Functional Activities Questionnaire | 5 [1–9] | 2 [0–8] | 4 [0–12] |
| 3-mo employment status† | |||
| Unable to work due to cognitive or physical limitations | 27 (55%) of 49 | 28 (64%) of 44 | 24 (53%) of 45 |
| Unable to work for another reason | 15 (31%) of 49 | 9 (20%) of 44 | 16 (36%) of 45 |
| Working but slowed by cognitive or physical limitations | 4 (8%) of 49 | 3 (7%) of 44 | 0 (0%) of 45 |
| Working at same or better pace and rate | 2 (4%) of 49 | 3 (7%) of 44 | 3 (7%) of 45 |
| 12-mo employment status† | |||
| Unable to work due to cognitive or physical limitations | 31 (55%) of 56 | 25 (61%) of 41 | 31 (57%) of 54 |
| Unable to work for another reason | 14 (25%) of 56 | 6 (15%) of 41 | 14 (26%) of 54 |
| Working but slowed by cognitive or physical limitations | 4 (7%) of 56 | 5 (12%) of 41 | 4 (7%) of 54 |
| Working at same or better pace and rate | 6 (11%) of 56 | 4 (10%) of 41 | 3 (6%) of 54 |
| 3-mo Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist score | 27 [22–38] | 26 [23–38] | 27 [20–36] |
| 12-mo Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist score | 26 [20–38] | 25 [22–37] | 28 [22–36] |
| 3-mo EQ-5D quality of life index | 0.7 [0.4–0.8] | 0.6 [0.5–0.8] | 0.7 [0.5–0.8] |
| 12-mo EQ-5D quality of life index | 0.8 [0.5–0.8] | 0.8 [0.5–0.8] | 0.8 [0.5–0.8] |
|
| |||
| Healthcare Utilization Endpoints | |||
| Inpatient care 0–3 months after hospital discharge | 35 (34%) of 103 | 30 (32%) of 94 | 40 (38%) of 106 |
| Inpatient care 3–12 months after hospital discharge | 45 (52%) of 87 | 32 (44%) of 72 | 40 (44%) of 91 |
Data are median [IQR] or n (%).
Scores are age-adjusted.
The employment questionnaire was added as an additional endpoint 2.5 years after recruitment began, so the total number of patients eligible for this outcome is smaller.
Scoring Interpretation: Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status T-Scores have a normalized mean of 50 with a standard deviation of 10 points. Lower scores indicate worse cognition. Scores of 35 or lower are consistent with cognitive impairment. Katz Activities of Daily Living scores range from 0 to 12 with higher scores indicating worse disability in basic activities of daily living. Functional Activities Questionnaire scores range from 0 to 30 with higher scores indicating worse disability in instrumental activities of daily living. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C) scores range from 17 to 85 with higher scores indicating worse PTSD symptoms. EQ-5D Quality of Life Index scores range from 0.0 to 1.0 with higher scores indicating better quality of life.