Table 4.

Parameters of the HVDC grid utilized for evaluation.

HVDC parameters	Parameter values
Location (km)	15, 25, 55, 125, 155, 165, 175, 185, 195 km, L = 9
Fault-resistance (Ω)	10, 50, 110, 160, 210, 260, 360, 380, 450, 480 Ω, R = 10
External-fault types (Fext) Each character set except G (stands for ground) represents phase. Total DC bus faults are 11. Total AC faults are 10. Total Fext = 11 + 10 = 21. AC faults occurred at AC wind farm 1 (Converter 1)	DC Bus Faults with fault resistances: 8, 22, 34, 42, 54, 62, 74, 82, 94, 102, 114 Ω
	Three-Phase Faults (ABCG) with fault resistances: 6, 8, 12 Ω
	Two-Phase Faults: ABG: 6 Ω, BCG: 8 Ω, CAG: 6 Ω, AB: 8 Ω
	Single-Phase to Ground Faults: AG: 6, BG: 8 Ω, CG: 12 Ω
Noise-(dB)	20, 25, 30, 45
Healthy State + External fault = 21 + 21 = 42	kI = R × L = 90/each Fint fault type, 3 Fint faults types (i.e. N-PTG = 90, P-PTG = 90, PTP = 90), Total Internal faults (Fint) = (kI × 3) = 90 × 3 = 270, Testing samples = [Fint + 42] = kE = 312 for each window, Testing samples = 312 for testing each window only