Table 1.

Methods for analyzing electrophysiology of organoids

Ephys method	Organoid preparation	Age	References
Calcium imaging: fluo-4	Dissociated and sliced	64 days	Lancaster et al. (2013); Lancaster et al. (2017)
Voltage and current clamp, calcium imaging: fura-2 and fluo-4	Sliced and dissociated	90–130 days	Pasca et al. (2015)
Whole-cell patch clamp and calcium imaging: GCAMP6f	Sliced culture	77–84 days	Watanabe et al. (2017)
Calcium imaging: GCaMP6f	Whole-mount and in vivo	78–141 days	Mansour et al. (2018)
Calcium imaging: fluo-4	Whole-mount	76–104 days	Sakaguchi et al. (2019)
Current clamp	Whole-mount	120–150 days	Sun et al. (2019)
Whole-cell patch clamp	Whole-mount	76–91 days	Wu et al. (2022)
Voltage and current clamp and MEA	Whole mount	42–224 days	Trujillo et al. (2019)
Whole-cell patch clamp, current clamp, and MEA	Whole-mount and sliced	150 days	Giandomenico et al. (2019)
MEA	Whole-mount	7–21 days	Hartmann et al. (2023)
Kirigami electronics (KiriE)	Whole-mount	75–179 days	Yang et al. (2024)