Table 2.

Comparative study of the proposed and reported methods

Parameter	Proposed IPC method		Reported method [10]		Reported method [11]		Reported method [12]		Proposed Spectroscopic methods
Run time (minute)	4		8		10		7		–
Type of elution	Isocratic		Isocratic		Gradient		Gradient		–
Stationary phase	Shim-pack cyano column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm particle size)		Symmetry C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm × 3.5 μm)		Inertsil ODS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm)		Kinetex 1.7 μm HILIC 100A column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm particle size)		–
Mobile phase	Acetonitrile and acidified water containing 0.025% SDS as ion pair reagent (50: 50% v/v)		Methanol: micellar reagent (191.49 mM) and (10.00 mM) potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (22.50: 77.50 v/v),		Methanol: 0.1% glacial acetic acid (40:60, v/v), then methanol: 0.1% glacial acetic acid (85:15, v/v)		Methanol: 0.1% formic acid in water (20:80, v/v), then methanol: 0.1% formic acid in water (80:20, v/v)		–
Wavelength	259 nm		210 nm		233 nm		220 nm		–
Linearity range (μg/mL)	MOM	IND	MOM	IND	MOM	IND	MOM	IND	MOM	IND
	0.1–10	0.1–10	10–100	10–100	50–300	50–300	1–150	0.5–100	1.1–32	1–30
LOD (μg/mL)	MOM	IND	MOM	IND	MOM	IND	MOM	IND	MOM	IND
	0.026	0.031	2.39	2.67	4.32	7.29	0.1	0.03	0.202	0.227
Complex GAPI tool
AGREE tool
Carbon footprint (kg CO2 eq /sample)
BAGI tool
RGB 12 algorithm