Fig. 6.

Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2 induce distinct expression changes in hiPSC-CMs. Human iPSC-CMs were infected with Delta (D), Omicron BA.1 (O-BA.1) or BA.2 (O-BA.2) at MOI of 1. The expression of A RdRp, B genes important for cardiac function was measured by RT-qPCR, normalised to B2M expression. Data are mean ± SEM, n = 4 biological replicates. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Differentially expressed genes in BA.2 group were examined by Ingenuity pathway analysis to predict upstream regulators. C Activation z-score indicates the activation (+) and inhibition (−) of the regulator, significance is indicated by the p-value of overlap. Expression is shown as log of fold change (FC). Regulators with consistent direction of activation score and expression change are shown in bold; D predicted downstream genes of selected regulators and E diagram of regulatory network, Fx: cardiac-related diseases and functions, Lines: direct (solid) and indirect (dotted) interactions