Fig. 3.

Time course of fecal weight before and after topical and oral pilocarpine administration to rats. Circles, squares, triangles, and open rhombuses represent SSG, SBN, PO, and NT groups, respectively (n = 6 per group). Each point represents mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 for each point versus before administration in the PO group. NT, non-treated; PO, pilocarpine administered orally; SBN, pilocarpine ointment applied to the skin on the back of neck; SSG, pilocarpine ointment applied to the skin over the salivary glands