Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by NT-proBNP quartiles
| Quartile 1 (n = 174) | Quartile 2 (n = 171) | Quartile 3 (n = 172) | Quartile 4 (n = 168) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NT-proBNP range, ng/L | 5–35 | 36–71 | 72–135 | 136–4284 | |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 64.1 (7.3) | 67.8 (6.8) | 67.9 (6.5) | 69.8 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
| Female (%) | 55 (31.6) | 87 (50.9) | 96 (55.8) | 105 (62.5) | < 0.001 |
| Race (%) | 0.009 | ||||
| White | 98 (56.3) | 108 (63.2) | 113 (65.7) | 112 (66.7) | |
| Hispanic | 34 (19.5) | 34 (19.9) | 39 (22.7) | 41 (24.4) | |
| Black | 13 (7.5) | 9 (5.3) | 9 (5.2) | 9 (5.4) | |
| Asian | 22 (12.6) | 18 (10.5) | 11 (6.4) | 5 (3.0) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other | 5 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Body-mass index, Kg/m2, mean ± SD | 30.7 (4.27) | 31.0 (4.65) | 30.4 (4.69) | 30.3 (4.68) | 0.48 |
| Medical history, N, % | |||||
| Hypertension | 129 (74.1) | 128 (74.9) | 133 (77.3) | 129 (76.8) | 0.89 |
| Dyslipidemia | 28 (16.1) | 31 (18.1) | 28 (16.3) | 28 (16.7) | 0.96 |
| Duration of T2D, years, mean ± SD | 14.9 (9.1) | 14.2 (12.0) | 13.1 (9.0) | 15.2 (10.5) | 0.86 |
| Smoking status, N, % | 0.51 | ||||
| Current smoker | 22 (12.6) | 11 (6.4) | 18 (10.5) | 13 (7.7) | |
| Previous smoker | 61 (35.1) | 62 (36.3) | 60 (34.9) | 56 (33.3) | |
| Never smoker | 91 (52.3) | 98 (57.3) | 94 (54.7) | 99 (58.9) | |
| Vital signs at screening | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean ± SD | 127 (12) | 129 (10) | 130 (11) | 131 (11) | 0.018 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean ± SD | 77 (8.0) | 76 (8.3) | 76 (7.8) | 75 (9.0) | 0.17 |
| Heart rate, beats/minute, mean ± SD | 73 (12) | 68 (10.0) | 67 (10) | 66 (11) | < 0.001 |
| Concomitant medications, N, % | |||||
| Statins | 145 (83.3) | 149 (87.1) | 130 (75.6) | 130 (77.4) | 0.024 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 140 (80.5) | 120 (70.2) | 129 (75.0) | 127 (75.6) | 0.18 |
| Beta blocker | 17 (9.8) | 29 (17.0) | 51 (29.7) | 63 (37.5) | < 0.001 |
| MRA | 3 (1.7) | 9 (5.3) | 6 (3.5) | 3 (1.8) | 0.18 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 32 (18.4) | 28 (16.4) | 34 (19.8) | 37 (22.0) | 0.60 |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | 65 (37.4) | 54 (31.6) | 49 (28.5) | 51 (30.4) | 0.32 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 61 (35.1) | 43 (25.1) | 30 (17.4) | 38 (22.6) | 0.002 |
| Metformin | 130 (74.7) | 121 (70.8) | 134 (77.9) | 123 (73.2) | 0.49 |
| Insulin | 52 (29.9) | 50 (29.2) | 39 (22.7) | 46 (27.4) | 0.43 |
| Sulfonylurea | 39 (22.4) | 34 (19.9) | 44 (25.6) | 42 (25.0) | 0.58 |
| DPP4 inhibitor | 19 (10.9) | 20 (11.7) | 23 (13.4) | 23 (13.7) | 0.84 |
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| NT-proBNP, ng/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 18 [10, 27] | 54 [46, 63] | 97 [83, 113] | 206 [158, 292] | < 0.001 |
| Hs-cTnT, ng/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 9 [6, 12] | 8 [6, 12] | 9 [6, 12] | 9 [6, 13] | 0.59 |
| HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 7.1 (0.77) | 7.0 (0.83) | 6.9 (0.75) | 6.9 (0.81) | 0.13 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean (SD) | 14.2 (1.3) | 13.8 (1.4) | 13. 5(1.3) | 13.2 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2, mean (SD) | 84.8 (15.7) | 82.6 (14.9) | 79.4 (16.6) | 74.7 (16.2) | < 0.001 |
| UACR, mg/g, median (Q1, Q3) | 13 [8, 31] | 17 [90, 62] | 14 [8, 33] | 16 [9, 37] | 0.14 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, median (Q1, Q3) | 152 [130, 174] | 153 [134, 180] | 155 [132, 185] | 156 [136, 187] | 0.31 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL, median (Q1, Q3) | 44 [36, 55] | 48 [40, 60] | 48 [39, 57] | 49 [40, 59] | 0.10 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL, median (Q1, Q3) | 70 [51, 90] | 70 [52, 94] | 72 [59, 95] | 74 [57, 103] | 0.16 |
SD, standard deviation; T2D, type two diabetes; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB angiotensin two receptor blocker; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; SGLT2i, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; GLP-1; glucagon-like peptide 1; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; hs-cTnT, high sensitivity cardiac troponin T; HbA1C, hemoglobin A1c; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein