Table 3.
Details of TEPS procedure and outcomes
| No. | Puncture guide method | Route of shunt | Stent Type | Stent Diameter (mm) | Stent Length (mm) | Additional Stent | Post-Dilation Balloon (mm) | PPG pre-TEPS (mmHg) | PPG post-TEPS (mmHg) | Post-TEPS hospitalization duration(days) |
Follow-up (months) | Outcome | Intraprocedural complications | delayed complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 80 | 8 | 27 | 13 | 11 | 39 | Survival | Abdominal hemorrhage | None | |
| 2 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | EPV-HV | VTS | 8 | 70 | 7 | 25 | 14 | 7 | 29 | Survival | None | None | |
| 3 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 60 | 8 | 26 | 11 | 7 | 7 | Death due to liver failure | None | CLF/HE | |
| 4 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 80 | 8 | 24 | 13 | 4 | 13 | Death due to tumor progression | None | None | |
| 5 | Mark by TIPS stent | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 70 | 8 | 29 | 13 | 3 | 29 | Survival | None | None | |
| 6 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | Retroperitoneal collateral-IVC | VTS | 8 | 70 | 8 | 29 | 14 | 6 | 9 | Death due to liver failure | None | CLF/HE | |
| 7 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 80 | 7 | 31 | 11 | 7 | 16 | Death due to liver failure | None | CLF/HE | |
| 8 | Mark by TIPS stent | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 60 | 8 | 21 | 11 | 3 | 16 | Survival | None | None | |
| 9 | Transmesenteric | SMV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 80 | 8 | 23 | 10 | 10 | 15 | Survival | None | None | |
| 10 | Mark by catheter in hepatic artery | Extrahepatic collateral-IVC | VTS | 8 | 80 | 8 mm × 8 cm Fluency | 8 | 22 | 12 | 16 | 15 | Survival | gallbladder injury | None |
| 11 | Mark by catheter in hepatic artery | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 70 | 8 | 19 | 9 | 6 | 15 | Survival | None | None | |
| 12 | Percutaneous Transhepatic | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 70 | 8 | 28 | 13 | 8 | 14 | Survival | None | None | |
| 13 | Transmesenteric | no succeed | VTS | N/A | N/A | 7 | 14 | Survival | None | None | ||||
| 14 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | EPV-HV | VTS | 8 | 80 | 8 | 22 | 10 | 3 | 14 | Survival | None | None | |
| 15 | Percutaneous Transhepatic | EPV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 80 | 8 mm × 6 cm Fluency | 8 | 23 | 11 | 4 | 13 | Survival | None | None |
| 16 | Mark by TIPS stent | EPV-IVC | VCX | 8–10 | 70 | 8 | 22 | 7 | 5 | 12 | Survival | None | HE | |
| 17 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | Retroperitoneal collateral-IVC | VCX | 8–10 | 70 | 8 | 30 | 15 | 10 | 11 | Survival | Abdominal hemorrhage | None | |
| 18 | Percutaneous Transhepatic | EPV-IVC | VCX | 8–10 | 80 | 8 | 18 | 8 | 12 | 9 | Survival | None | None | |
| 19 | Transmesenteric | SMV-IVC | VTS | 8 | 60 | 10 mm × 5 cm Viabahn | 8 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 9 | Survival | None | None |
| 20 | Percutaneous Transsplenic | EPV-IVC | VCX | 8–10 | 60 | 8 | 29 | 13 | 4 | 8 | Survival | None | None | |
| 21 | Transmesenteric | SMV-IVC | VCX | 8–10 | 70 | 7 | 22 | 9 | 8 | 6 | Survival | None | None | |
| 22 | Transmesenteric | SMV-IVC | VCX | 8–10 | 80 | 8 | 27 | 11 | 10 | 5 | Survival | None | None |
HV Hepatic vein, EPV extrahepatic portal vein, IVC inferior vena cava, SMV Superior mesenteric vein, PPG portal pressure gradient, CLF chronic liver failure, HE hepatic encephalopathy, N/A not applicable or not available, VTS VIATORR® TIPS stent grafts, VCX VIATORR® Controlled Expansion stent grafts