Table 2.

Biomarkers that underwent a univariate screen (Weltch’s t-Test, FDR q < 0.10) between those without and with low PMA at baseline and were considered relevant for predicting the development of low pectoralis muscle area via Boruta feature selection.

Biomarker	Mean (SD) no low PMA at baseline (n = 415)	Mean (SD) low PMA at baseline (n = 183)	T-statistic (P value)	FDR q value	Brief description
Histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit (Hat1)	6.04 (0.39)	5.96 (0.35)	2.66 (0.008)	0.038	Enzyme associated with the acetylation of newly synthesized histone H415
Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1)	9.54 (0.27)	9.60 (0.26)	−2.60 (0.010)	0.045	Cell adhesion molecule whose expression is induced on endothelial cells during inflammatory disease. Plays a role in the regulation of leukocyte migration14
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)	9.99 (0.64)	9.75 (0.69)	4.13 (< 0.001)	< 0.001	Glycoprotein associated with the binding of cells and matrix components37
Lymphotoxin alpha 1/beta 2 (Lymphotoxin a1/b2)	4.34 (0.27)	4.28 (0.30)	2.39 (0.017)	0.072	Cytokines associated with the adaptive immune response and the maintenance of lymphoid organ architecture38
Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)	7.19 (0.39)	7.39 (0.37)	−6.00 (< 0.001)	< 0.001	Cytokine released in response to stress and tissue injury39
Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes (CDON)	8.76 (0.22)	8.68 (0.21)	3.94 (< 0.001)	0.001	Transmembrane glycoprotein associated with Hedgehog proteins and myoblast differentiation19,40
Neurexophilin-1 (NXPH1)	8.93 (0.39)	8.83 (0.41)	2.84 (0.005)	0.025	Glycoprotein whose detected expression (in humans) is strongest in the spleen41
EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1)	7.42 (0.18)	7.49 (0.21)	−3.90 (< 0.001)	0.001	Glycoprotein that has a role in basement membranes42

FDR false discovery rate, PMA pectoralis muscle area, SD standard deviation.