Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics and univariate analysis of the variables and AVF.
| Variables | All patients (n = 674) | AVF group (n = 58) | non-AVF group (n = 616) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 70.20 ± 8.23 | 73.74 ± 7.94 | 69.87 ± 8.18 | 0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.99 ± 2.97 | 21.48 ± 2.71 | 23.13 ± 2.96 | < 0.001* |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 230 (34.1) | 19 (32.8) | 211 (34.3) | 0.818 |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 132 (19.6) | 9 (15.5) | 123 (20.0) | 0.414 |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 52 (7.7) | 8 (13.8) | 44 (7.1) | 0.119 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 6 (0.9) | 1 (1.7) | 5 (0.8) | 1.000 |
| Steroid medication, n (%) | 23 (3.4) | 4 (6.9) | 19 (3.1) | 0.250 |
| Bisphosphonate therapy, n (%) | 263 (39.0) | 22 (37.9) | 241 (39.1) | 0.859 |
| Previous history of OVCF, n (%) | 115 (17.1) | 20 (34.5) | 95 (15.4) | < 0.001* |
| Duration of follow-up, mon | 18.85 ± 3.43 | 19.38 ± 3.42 | 18.80 ± 3.43 | 0.219 |
| Fracture location, n (%) | 0.569 | |||
| TL junction | 445 (66.0) | 35 (60.4) | 410 (66.6) | |
| Non-TL junction | 139 (20.6) | 13 (22.4) | 126 (20.4) | |
| Non-TL + TL junction | 90 (13.4) | 10 (17.2) | 80 (13.0) | |
| The number of fractured vertebrae, n (%) | 0.177 | |||
| 1 | 509 (75.5) | 38 (65.5) | 471 (76.5) | |
| 2 | 118 (17.5) | 14 (24.1) | 104 (16.9) | |
| ≥ 3 | 47 (7.0) | 6 (10.4) | 41 (6.6) | |
| Operative method, n (%) | 0.540 | |||
| PVP | 488 (72.4) | 40 (69.0) | 448 (72.7) | |
| PKP | 186 (27.6) | 18 (31.0) | 168 (27.3) | |
| Cement volume, ml | 4.37 ± 1.01 | 4.22 ± 0.80 | 4.38 ± 1.03 | 0.251 |
| Cement distribution pattern, n (%) | 0.481 | |||
| Trabecular type | 469 (69.6) | 38 (65.5) | 431 (70.0) | |
| Compact type | 205 (30.4) | 20 (34.5) | 185 (30.0) | |
| Cement leakage, n (%) | 129 (19.1) | 13 (22.4) | 116 (18.8) | 0.507 |
| Intradiscal cement leakage, n (%) | 86 (12.8) | 11 (19.0) | 75 (12.2) | 0.138 |
| HU value | 68.67 ± 28.36 | 49.86 ± 22.22 | 70.44 ± 28.25 | < 0.001* |
SVF subsequent vertebral fracture, BMI body mass index, TL thoracolumbar, PVP percutaneous vertebroplasty, PKP percutaneous kyphoplasty, HU Hounsfield unit.
*P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.