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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 4.
Published in final edited form as: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Sep 8;67(3):421–433. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.08.021

Table 3 –

Results of studies included in DDE Meta-Analysis

DDE Odds Ratio (OR) Controlled Variables
Study + Pub
Date;
Study Site
OR (95%
CI)
p-value Study
Conclusion
None
Specified
Age Body
Weight,
Height,
and/or
BMI
Pregnancy
&
Childbirth
History
Lactation Family
History of
Breast
Cancer or
History of
BBD
Other
Factors
Cohn et al.2007; California, USA 1.00 (.4-2.4) 0.92 N.S. x xg
Krieger et al.1994; California, USA 1.33 (.678-2.61) 0.43 N.S. x x x xabc
Hoyer et al.1998; Denmark .88 (.563-1.38) 0.52 N.S. x x xadel
Hoyer et al.2000; Denmark 1.4 (.7-2.8) - N.S. x x
Dorgan et al. 1999; Missouri, USA .8 (.4-1.5) 0.77 N.S. x
Wolff et al.1993; New York, USA 3.68 (1.01-13.5) 0.04 S.S. x x x
Wolff et al.2000p; New York, USA 1.3 (.51-3.35) 0.99 N.S. x x x x xb
Hunter et al.1997; USA .66 (.359-1.215) 0.47 N.S. x x x x x xbef
Laden et al.2001; USA .82 (.49-1.37) 0.15 N.S. x x x xb
Iwasaki et al.2008; Japan 1.48 (.7-3.13) 0.25 N.S. x x xabehk
Raaschou-Nielsen et al.2005; Denmark .7 (.5-1.2) 0.29 N.S. x x x x xeg
Unger et al. 1984; Denmark - - - x
Rubin et al.2006; Alaska, USA 1.43 (.46-4.47) 0.43 N.S. x x xci
Moysich et al.1998; New York, USA 1.34 (.71-2.55) 0.25 N.S. x x x x x
Romieu et al.2000; Mexico 3.81 (1.14-12.8) 0.02 S.S. x x x xbdj
Demers et al.2000b; Quebec, Canada 1.00 (.6-1.67) - N.S. x x x x x xdf
van't Veer et al. 1997; Various European Countries .48 (.25-.95) 0.02 S.S. x x x xef
Liljegren et al.1998; Sweden .4 (.2-1.2) - N.S. x x x x x xe
Milikan et al.2000 black; North Carolina, USA 1.09 (.79-1.51) - N.S. x x x x xacdg
Milikan et al.2000 white; North Carolina, USA 1.09 (.79-1.51) - N.S. x x x x xacdg
Schecter et al.1997; Vietnam 1.14 (.23-5.68) - N.S. x
Lopez-Carrillo et al.1997; Mexico .76 (.41-1.42) - N.S. x x x x
Wolff et al.2000h; New York, USA .93 (.56-1.5) 0.49 N.S. x xac
Zheng et al.1999; Connecticut, USA .9 (.5-1.5) 0.46 N.S. x x x x xabci
Demers et al.2000a; Quebec, Canada 1.36 (.71-2.63) - N.S. x x x x x xd
Bagga et al.2000; California, USA 1.13 (.79-1.60) 0.5 N.S. x
Mendonca et al.1999; Brazil .83 (.4-1.6) 0.79 N.S. x x x x xdf
Olaya-Contreras et al.1998; Colombia 1.95 (1.1-3.52) 0.09 N.S. x x x x xa
Aronson et al.2000; Canada 1.62 (.84-3.11) - N.S. x x xacgh
Zheng et al.2000; Connecticut, USA .95 (.68-1.32) 0.41 N.S. x x x x x xbcdfh
Gatto et al.2007; USA 1.02 (.61-1.72) 0.74 N.S. x x
Gammon et al.2002; New York, USA 1.2 (.76-1.9) - N.S. x x x xc
Ibarluzea et al.2004; Spain 1.22 (.677-2.199) 0.4 N.S.
Stellman et al.2000; New York, USA .74 (.39-1.247) 0.3 N.S. x x xc
Dello Iacovo et al.1999; Italy 1.24 (.7-2.2) - N.S. x x x x xafi
Pavuk et al.2003; Slovakia 3.04 (.65-14.3) 0.1 N.S. x xbd
Ahmed et al.2002; Egypt - - - x
Ahmed et al.2002; Egypt - - - x
Boada et al. 2012; Spain 0.999 (.996-1.00) 0.284 N.S. x x x xae
Soliman et al.2003 1.41 (.63-3.19) 0.4 N.S. x x xfi
Charlier et al.2004; Belgium 2.21 (1.41-3.48) 0.0006 S.S. x x x xag
Itoh et al.2009; Japan 1.02 (.46-2.26) 0.46 N.S. x x x x x xaehik
Waliszewski et al.2005; Mexico (Breast Cancer Cases) - x
Waliszewski et al.2005; Mexico (BBD Cases) x
Siddiqui et al.2005; Delhi, India - - - x
Ociepa-Zawal et al. 2010; Poland - - - x
a

Menopausal status

b

Age at menarche

c

Race/Ethnicity; a Education, income, and other socioeconomic metrics; b Smoking and alcohol use; c Geography/study site

d

Hormone replacement therapy use

e

Diet

f

Serum lipid; triglyceride, and/or cholesterol

g

Presence of other pesticides in sample

h

Age at menopause

i

Physical activity

j

Geometric mean and/or standard deviation

k

Median