Table 2.
Multi-level mixed effect logistic regression of availability of observed water, soap, and other cleansing agents for hand washing practice in Ethiopia, 2021 PMA-ET dataset.
| Variables | Empty model | Mod one, individual-level characteristics OR (95%CI) |
Mode two, community level characteristics OR (95%CI) | Model three, individual and community-level characteristics OR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| <25 | 1.38 (1.0892, 1.7635) | 1.38 (1.0891, 1.7631) | ||
| 25–64 | 1.46 (1.1440, 1.8638) | 1.45 (1.1431, 1.8621) | ||
| >65 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 0.95 (0.85239, 1.0638) | 0.95 (0.8529, 1.0643) | ||
| Educational status | ||||
| Not educated | 0.60 (0.46875, 0.76818) | 0.60 (0. 47191, 0. 77317) | ||
| Primary | 0.61 (0.46307, 0.79771) | 0.61 (0. 46526, 0. 80124) | ||
| Secondary | 1.01 (0. 796, 2.538) | 1.01 (0. 796, 2.538) | ||
| Higher | 1 | 1 | ||
| Wealth status | ||||
| Poor | 0.29 (0.24071, 0.35800) | 0.30 (0. 24955, 0.37165) | ||
| Middle | 0.36 (0.30606, 0.43732) | 0.37 (0.31465, 0. 44973) | ||
| Rich | 1 | 1 | ||
| Media exposure | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2.91 (2.5833, 3.2952) | 2.88 (2.5565, 3.2615) | ||
| Water source | ||||
| Piped water | 0.22 (0.16307, 0.31843) | 0.23 (0.16624, 0.32432) | ||
| tube well | 0.25 (0.15730, 0.42027) | 0.28 (0.17372, 0.46466) | ||
| dug well | 0.30 (0.18721, 0.50669) | 0.33 (0.2033, 0.55029) | ||
| Spring | 0.21 (0.14180, 0.31314) | 0.22 (0.14968, 0.33064) | ||
| Rainwater | 0.09 (0.02054, 0.45972) | 0.09 (0.02101, 0.47322) | ||
| surface water | 0.15 (0.08023, 0.30023) | 0.16 (0.08721, 0.3295) | ||
| Bottled water | 1 | 1 | ||
| Family size | ||||
| <=5 | 0.93 (0.8437, 1.0384) | 0.93 (0.83940, 1.0330) | ||
| >5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Region | ||||
| Emerging regions | 1.88 (0.77976, 4.5391) | 1.82 (0.73258, 4.5554) | ||
| Developed regions | 1 | 1 | ||
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 0.38 (0.10333, 1.4126) | 0.74 (0.19418, 2.8324) | ||
| Community educational status | ||||
| A lower proportion of primary education | 0.09 (0.03038, 0.29978) | 0.13 (0.04303, 0.44515) | ||
| A higher proportion of primary education | 1 | 1 | ||
| Community wealth status | ||||
| A lower proportion of middle-wealth status | 1 | 1 | ||
| A higher proportion of middle-wealth status | 4.11 (1.3831, 12.235) | 3.26 (1.071, 9.9245) | ||
| Community media exposure | ||||
| A lower proportion of media exposure | 1 | |||
| A higher proportion of media exposure | 3.88 (1.2382, 12.199) | 1.81 (0.56696, 5.7942) | ||