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. 2024 Aug 5;9:195. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01913-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 9 — IAld protected against renal fibrosis through inhibiting AHR signaling pathway. a Intrarenal mRNA levels of AHR and its target genes including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and COX-2 in the control, LJI, CRF and LJI-treated CRF rats. b Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-AHR of kidney tissues in the control, CRF and LJI-treated CRF rats. Scale bar, 50 μm. c Quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry with anti-AHR of kidney tissues in the control, CRF and LJI-treated CRF rats. d Protein expression of AHR in cytoplasm and nuclei of kidney tissues in the control, CRF and LJI-treated CRF rats. e Quantitative analysis of AHR expression in cytoplasm and nuclei of kidney tissues in the control, CRF and LJI-treated CRF rats. f Serum IAld relative intensity in the control, LJI, CRF and LJI-treated CRF rats. g Fecal IAld relative intensity in the control, LJI, CRF and LJI-treated CRF rats. h Protein expression of α-SMA, fibronectin and E-cadherin of kidney tissues in indicated groups. i Quantitative analyses of α-SMA, fibronectin and E-cadherin of kidney tissues in indicated groups. j The mRNA expression levels of AHR and its target genes including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1 and COX-2 in indicated groups. k Protein levels of AHR in cytoplasm and nuclei of HK-2 cells in indicated groups. l Quantitative analysis of AHR expression in in cytoplasm and nuclei of HK-2 cells in indicated groups. m Luciferase assays of AHR of HK-2 cells in indicated groups. n Protein levels of α-SMA, fibronectin and E-cadherin of HK-2 cells in indicated groups. o Quantitative analyses of α-SMA, fibronectin and E-cadherin of HK-2 cells in indicated groups. Dot presents the single data results in bar graph. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 compared with control rats or cells (n = 6/group). ^#P < 0.05; ^##P < 0.01 compared with adenine-induced CRF rats or HP-induced HK-2 cells (n = 6/group). Data are represented as mean ± SEM