Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in this review.
NR: not reported
| Author ID | Year | Study Design | Region | No. of Patients (n) | Atrial Fibrillation (n) | Mean Age (Years) | Males (n) | ||
| Atrial Fibrillation | Control | Atrial Fibrillation | Control | ||||||
| Kichloo et al. [11] | 2021 | Retrospective | United States | 92055 | 3900 | 70.9 | 45 | 1775 | 42931 |
| Lodhi et al. [12] | 2021 | Retrospective | United States | 8066 | 677 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Mahfouz et al. [13] | 2022 | Retrospective | United States | 27165 | 2045 | 71 | 49 | 39 | 24 |
| Rahman et al. [14] | 2021 | Retrospective | United States | 714863 | 64599 | 73.2 | 50.8 | 30814 | 291318 |