Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics between pediatric DILI cases with mild and moderate/severe manifestations.
| Characters | Total (N = 291) | ALT ≥5x ULN or ALP ≥4x ULN and TBIL <2x ULN (Mild, n = 206) | ALT ≥5x ULN or ALP ≥4x ULN and TBIL ≥2x ULN and life-threatening DILI (≥Moderate, n = 85) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Boys | 171 (60.2) | 124 (61.7) | 47 (56.6) | 0.428 |
| Girls | 113 (39.8) | 77 (38.3) | 36 (43.4) | |
| Age (year), median (IQR) | ||||
| Toddlers (≥30 days and <6 years old) | 86 (29.6) | 75 (36.4) | 11 (12.9) | <0.0001 |
| School-aged children (≥6 and <12 years old) | 76 (26.1) | 57 (27.7) | 19 (22.4) | |
| Adolescents (≥12 and <18 years) | 129 (44.3) | 74 (35.9) | 55 (64.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 19.1 (16.9, 20.8), n = 129 | 19.0 (17.2, 20.9), n = 73 | 19.2 (16.7, 20.8), n = 56 | 0.640 |
| Duration of using implicated agent (days), median (IQR) | 9 (5, 31), n = 151 | 9 (4, 21), n = 100 | 11 (7, 50), n = 51 | 0.019 |
| Latency (days), median (IQR) | 17 (8, 53), n = 158 | 13 (7, 37), n = 101 | 26 (15, 67), n = 57 | 0.0005 |
| Hospitalization (days), median (IQR) | 14 (7, 22), n = 291 | 12 (5, 19), n = 206 | 18 (12, 28), n = 85 | <0.0001 |
| Pattern of liver injury, n (%) | ||||
| Hepatocellular injury (R ≥5) | 158 (620.0) | 103 (58.9) | 55 (68.8) | 0.209 |
| Cholestatic injury (R ≤ 2) | 35 (13.7) | 28 (160.0) | 7 (8.7) | |
| Mixed injury (2<R <5) | 62 (24.3) | 44 (25.1) | 18 (22.5) | |
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; DILI, drug-induced liver injury; TBIL, total bilirubin; ULN, the upper limit of normal.
Data are presented as the median (IQR) or n (%), n, where n is the actual number with available data. Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables, Student’s t test for variance, or Wilcoxon rank-sum for continuous variables. Values in bold denote statistical significance.