TABLE 2.
Baseline PPMI clinical and cognitive variables (mean and standard deviation or N) by class.
| Measures |
Class 1: Cognitively intact N = 31 (5%) |
Class 2: Cognitively intact N = 608 (79%) |
Class 3: Steady decliners N = 111 (14%) |
Class 4: Rapid decliners N = 10 (1%) |
Significant differences * | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M/N | SD | M/N | SD | M/N | SD | M/N | SD | ||
| Clinical measures | |||||||||
| Age | 60.55 | 8.26 | 61.75 | 9.77 | 64.69 | 8.68 | 69.43 | 9.86 | 2 < 3 |
| Education | 16.29 | 3.13 | 16.15 | 3.58 | 14.96 | 3.80 | 11.00 | 5.48 | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 22 | 376 | 62 | 7 | |||||
| Female | 9 | 233 | 48 | 3 | |||||
| Dx duration (month) | 10.79 | 14.71 | 16.85 | 20.65 | 23.11 | 27.25 | 49.22 | 27.01 | 1,2 < 4 |
| MDS‐UPDRS‐III | 18.84 | 7.25 | 20.48 | 9.58 | 19.33 | 9.15 | 30.20 | 16.42 | 1,2,3 < 4 |
| H&Y | |||||||||
| 1 | 17 | 200 | 32 | 1 | |||||
| 2 | 14 | 354 | 61 | 3 | |||||
| 3 | 0 | 15 | 4 | 2 | |||||
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| MoCA | 26.29 | 1.69 | 26.99 | 2.39 | 26.05 | 3.02 | 18.10 | 3.72 | 1,2,3 > 4; 2 > 3 |
| GDS | 2.06 | 2.62 | 2.31 | 2.65 | 3.09 | 2.81 | 6.30 | 3.30 | 1,2 < 4; 2 < 3 |
| Biomarkers | |||||||||
| CSF Alpha‐synuclein | 1328 | 527 | 1481 | 641 | 1561 | 582 | – | – | |
| CSF Beta‐amyloid | 784 | 285 | 902 | 335 | 836 | 354 | – | – | |
| CSF pTau | 12.8 | 4.46 | 14.3 | 5.12 | 15.3 | 5.49 | – | – | |
| CSF tTau | 151 | 48.3 | 165 | 59.5 | 176 | 61.3 | – | – | |
| APOE4 | |||||||||
| 0 | 25 | 359 | 90 | 6 | |||||
| 1 | 6 | 98 | 21 | 4 | |||||
| 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Cognitive measures | |||||||||
| SDMT | 41.84 | 6.69 | 43.31 | 10.25 | 35.02 | 10.69 | 12.00 | 9.51 | 1,2,3 > 4; 2 > 3 |
| CF | 21.97 | 4.40 | 21.66 | 5.54 | 18.67 | 5.19 | 11.00 | 3.40 | 1,2,3 > 4; 2 > 3 |
| LNS | 11.19 | 2.12 | 10.63 | 2.72 | 8.92 | 2.70 | 3.80 | 2.35 | 1,2,3 > 4; 2 > 3 |
| HVLT | 8.84 | 1.86 | 8.57 | 2.66 | 7.25 | 2.85 | 2.30 | 2.06 | 1,2,3 > 4 |
| JLO | 13.45 | 1.65 | 12.78 | 2.31 | 11.31 | 2.92 | 9.22 | 2.63 | 1,2 > 3 |
Abbreviations: CF, category fluency; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; Dx, disease; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; HVLT, Hopkin's Verbal Learning Test; H&Y, Hoehn & Yahr; JLO, Judgement of Line Orientation; LNS, Letter Number Sequencing; MDS‐UPDRS‐III, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test.
*
p < 0.001.