Table 2. Omega-3-Derived Oxylipins from M. gaditana, T. lutea, P. tricornutum, and P. cruentum after Ultrasound-Assisted Extractiona.
| concentration (μg/g) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| precursor fatty acid | free oxylipin | M. gaditana | T. lutea | P. tricornutum | P. cruentum |
| EPA | 5-HEPE | 186.7 ± 86.1a | 4.2 ± 2.2b | 178.9 ± 55.3a | 37.9 ± 9.6b |
| 8-HEPE | 21.3 ± 8.9c | 18.1 ± 9.6c | 552.7 ± 157.6a | 182.3 ± 40.0b | |
| 12-HEPE | 6.5 ± 2.7c | 8.6 ± 4.5c | 248.1 ± 74.2a | 86.5 ± 19.6b | |
| 15-HEPE | 16.7 ± 6.4c | 13.9 ± 7.0c | 384.0 ± 111.7a | 148.4 ± 35.8b | |
| 8,9-EpETE | 0.2 ± 0.1c | 0.2 ± 0.1c | 5.4 ± 1.5a | 1.8 ± 0.5b | |
| 11,12-EpETE | 6.2 ± 2.2c | 6.2 ± 3.2c | 167.7 ± 48.7a | 57.8 ± 12.1b | |
| 14,15-EpETE | 21.4 ± 9.4c | 16.9 ± 9.2c | 531.5 ± 136.5a | 216.9 ± 44.6b | |
| 17,18-EpETE | 58.9 ± 23.6c | 39.9 ± 22.5c | 1479.4 ± 356.4a | 515.2 ± 99.6b | |
| 11-HEPE | 28.8 ± 13.1c | 21.6 ± 11.6c | 665.1 ± 189.4a | 246.9 ± 54.6b | |
| 9-HEPE | 55.7 ± 29.2bc | 18.8 ± 10.3c | 508.5 ± 147.5a | 164.0 ± 48.5b | |
| 5,6-DiHETE | 1.7 ± 0.6b | <LOD | 17.7 ± 3.9a | 1.9 ± 0.4b | |
| 14,15-DiHETE | <LOD | <LOD | 1.6 ± 0.9b | 17.7 ± 6.3a | |
| TXB3 | 1.3 ± 0.5a | 1.1 ± 0.4a | 1.8 ± 0.5a | 1.9 ± 1.2a | |
| PGF3α | 0.1 ± 0.0b | 0.2 ± 0.1b | 0.9 ± 0.2ab | 1.8 ± 0.9a | |
| PGE3 | 3.8 ± 1.2b | 1.3 ± 0.7b | 33.6 ± 7.7a | 31.1 ± 10.6a | |
| Resolvin E1 | 1.2 ± 0.6b | 1.5 ± 1.2b | 22.7 ± 18.5a | 6.0 ± 2.5b | |
| LTB5 | 22.2 ± 8.6c | 3.3 ± 1.5c | 103.1 ± 30.0a | 53.7 ± 18.8b | |
| 18-HEPE | 93.8 ± 37.7c | 63.6 ± 35.9c | 2356.5 ± 567.7a | 820.7 ± 158.6b | |
| 12/15-HpEPE | 5.3 ± 3.5a | 0.1 ± 0.0b | 0.2 ± 0.1b | 0.4 ± 0.2b | |
| DHA | 17-HDHA | <LOD | 93.3 ± 30.9a | 18.2 ± 4.9b | <LOD |
| 7,8-EpDPE | <LOD | 19.1 ± 6.9a | 2.8 ± 1.0b | <LOD | |
| 10,11-EpDPE | <LOD | 29.8 ± 10.5a | 5.4 ± 2.1b | <LOD | |
| 13,14-EpDPE | <LOD | 81.9 ± 31.9a | 14.7 ± 3.9b | <LOD | |
| 16,17-EpDPE | <LOD | 137.2 ± 55.4a | 23.5 ± 4.9b | <LOD | |
| 19,20-EpDPE | <LOD | 201.7 ± 77.9a | 28.4 ± 7.2b | <LOD | |
| 16,17-DiHDPA | <LOD | 0.6 ± 0.5 | <LOD | <LOD | |
| 19,20-DiHDPA | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | |
| 7-HDHA | <LOD | 40.4 ± 15.0a | 7.4 ± 1.9b | <LOD | |
| Resolvin D1 | <LOD | 9.2 ± 4.3a | 2.5 ± 0.4b | <LOD | |
| Resolvin D2 | <LOD | 27.7 ± 12.9a | 4.6 ± 1.2b | <LOD | |
| 11-HDHA | <LOD | 30.2 ± 10.8a | 5.5 ± 2.3b | <LOD | |
| 14-HDHA | <LOD | 37.0 ± 13.5a | 7.7 ± 2.8b | <LOD | |
| 17-HpDHA | <LOD | 4.4 ± 1.2a | 4.9 ± 2.3a | <LOD | |
| 7,17-DiHDPA | <LOD | <LOD | 16.4 ± 10.7 | <LOD | |
| ALA | 9-HOTrE | 0.8 ± 0.6c | 66.3 ± 24.8a | 8.8 ± 2.3b | <LOD |
| 13-HOTrE | 1.7 ± 0.2c | 182.7 ± 73.9a | 15.7 ± 4.4b | <LOD | |
| SDA | 6-HOTE | <LOD | 170.2 ± 60.5a | 14.3 ± 4.0b | <LOD |
| 9-HOTE | <LOD | 4.3 ± 1.9 | <LOQ | <LOD | |
| 13-HOTE | <LOD | 133.9 ± 74.9a | 6.8 ± 1.3b | <LOD | |
a
Data is shown as mean ± SD (n ≥ 3). Different lowercase letters (a, b, c) show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; ALA: linolenic acid; SDA: stearidonic acid; HEPE: hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid; EpETE: epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; DiHETE: dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; TX: thromboxane; PG: prostaglandin; LT: leukotriene; HpEPE: hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid; HDHA: hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid; EpDPE: epoxydocosapentanoic acid; DiHDPA: dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acid; HpDHA: hydroperoxydocosahexaenoic acid; HOTrE: hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid; HOTE: hydroxyoctadecatetraenoic acid; LOD: limit of detection; LOQ: limit of quantification.