Table 2.
Demographics, clinical features, gait parameters and effects of active and control training in people with PD
| Active group (n 9) | Control group (n 8) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before training | After training | Before training | After training | |
| Age | 71.1 (6.2) | 65.1 (6.2) | ||
| Disease duration | 13.1 (5.3) | 13.5 (7.6) | ||
| Clinical features | ||||
| FOG-Q score | 11.4 (3.4) | 11.3 (3.8) | 9.9 (2.5) | 9.9 (1.3) |
| GABS score | 29.0 (7.1) | 22.9 (13.7)* | 24.0 (9.2) | 23.6 (8.5) |
| MDS-UPDRS 3 score | 23.4 (8.3) | 19.0 (8.9)* | 33.0 (9.2)$ | 28.6 (13.5)$ |
| Axial score (MDS-UPDRS) | 5.3 (3.3) | 3.9 (2.7)* | 4.9 (2.2) | 4.1 (3.1) |
| Upper limbs score (MDS-UPDRS) | 8.4 (3.8) | 7.0 (3.9) | 15.2 (4.6)$ | 12.2 (6.5)$ |
| Lower limbs score (MDS-UPDRS) | 5.1 (2.1) | 4.2 (1.8) | 6.2 (4.7) | 6.3 (4.3) |
| Gait parameters | ||||
| APAs duration (ms) | 600 (279) | 531 (108) | 609 (96) | 583 (106) |
| AP-APAs displacement (mm) | 30.5 (12.0) | 39.2 (13.8)* | 33.9 (4.5) | 40.9 (10.6)* |
| 1st step DS duration (ms) | 252 (36) | 229 (41)* | 229 (41) | 240 (47) |
| 1st step length (cm) | 31.5 (10.2) | 33.2 (7.7) | 32.3 (8.0) | 33.7 (8.5) |
| Stride length (cm) | 81.6 (17.0) | 83.7 (18.0) | 91.0 (11.6) | 84.9 (21.0) |
| Velocity (m/s) | 0.72 (0.19) | 0.76 (0.21) | 0.87 (0.12) | 0.81 (0.22) |
| Cadence (/min) | 104 (14) | 108 (11) | 115 (4) | 114 (8) |
| Step width (cm) | 8.3 (4.3) | 8.1 (4.4) | 7.1 (2.8) | 6.7 (3.3) |
| DS duration (ms) | 200 (54) | 186 (67) | 158 (20) | 182 (32) |
The values are the means (SDs); *p < 0.0.5 compared to before training; $ p ≤ 0.1 between groups
AP anteroposterior, APAs anticipatory postural adjustments, DS double stance, FOG-Q freezing of gait questionnaire, GABS Clinical gait and balance score (sum of items 8–25), MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale