TABLE 1.
Characteristics of patients aged ≥18 years who received a Zika Contraception Access Network (Z-CAN) contraceptive method,a Puerto Rico, 2016–2020
| Characteristic | Nonrespondents | Survey respondentsb | Six-month survey respondents | 24-month survey respondents | 36-month survey respondents | Z-CAN populationc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 750 |
N = 2,430 (%) |
N = 1,758 (%) |
N = 1,851 (%) |
N = 1,762 (%) |
N = 26,514 (%) |
|
| Age at initial visit (years)∗ | ||||||
| 18–24 | 53.7 | 43.2 | 42.8 | 41.0 | 41.4 | 49.1 |
| 25–34 | 35.7 | 42.8 | 44.0 | 44.1 | 44.0 | 38.3 |
| 35+ | 10.7 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 12.6 |
| Education at initial visit∗ | ||||||
| ≥12 years | 41.0 | 28.2 | 27.7 | 25.8 | 25.8 | 35.9 |
| Associate degree | 19.2 | 19.5 | 18.9 | 18.6 | 18.1 | 20.5 |
| College degree | 31.0 | 40.1 | 40.1 | 40.8 | 41.8 | 33.3 |
| Graduate degree | 8.9 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 13.3 | 9.3 |
| Relationship status at the initial visit | ||||||
| Single | 42.0 | 38.8 | 37.5 | 38.0 | 38.0 | 42.2 |
| Partnered | 12.0 | 13.3 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 13.2 | 11.5 |
| Married/cohabiting | 46.0 | 47.9 | 48.7 | 47.3 | 47.6 | 45.4 |
| Insurance status at the initial visit∗ | ||||||
| Private or other | 39.2 | 48.5 | 46.9 | 50.1 | 50.2 | 41.6 |
| Public | 54.6 | 45.8 | 45.2 | 42.6 | 42.6 | 51.2 |
| None | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.6 |
| Type of clinic where Z-CAN services received | ||||||
| Community Health Center | 17.7 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 19.3 |
| Private | 75.3 | 76.9 | 77.1 | 78.0 | 77.6 | 75.4 |
| Academic | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 3.9 |
| Public health | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.45 | 1.4 |
| Previous live birth at initial visit | ||||||
| 0 | 39.5 | 43.0 | 42.7 | 43.3 | 43.6 | 38.6 |
| 1+ | 60.5 | 57.0 | 56.1 | 55.3 | 55.3 | 59.5 |
| Breastfeeding at initial visit | ||||||
| Yes | 14.7 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 16.3 |
| No | 85.3 | 83.4 | 82.9 | 83.2 | 82.9 | 82.0 |
| Want to prevent pregnancy at the time of survey | ||||||
| No | – | – | 5.0 | 10.4 | 15.6 | – |
| Yes | – | – | 93.5 | 87.7 | 81.2 | – |
| Level of effectiveness of contraceptive method used before initial Z-CAN visitd | ||||||
| Most | 2.4 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 3.8 |
| Moderately | 22.8 | 27.6 | 28.0 | 27.8 | 28.4 | 21.0 |
| Least | 30.6 | 31.4 | 30.8 | 31.7 | 32.1 | 29.8 |
| None | 44.2 | 36.4 | 36.0 | 35.1 | 34.5 | 44.8 |
| Received contraceptive method most interested in after counseling at initial visite | ||||||
| Yes | 92.7 | 93.3 | 91.8 | 91.4 | 91.2 | – |
| No | 7.3 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.0 | – |
| Z-CAN contraceptive method receiveda | ||||||
| Hormonal IUD | 34.0 | 42.0 | 42.3 | 42.4 | 43.4 | 33.9 |
| Copper IUD | 11.0 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 10.8 |
| Implant | 26.4 | 24.5 | 25.0 | 25.2 | 24.7 | 28.6 |
| Shot | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 4.3 |
| Pills | 15.1 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.1 | 15.2 |
| Ring | 4.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
| Patch | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Condoms alone | 3.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.9 |
| Z-CAN contraceptive method receiveda same as the primary method used before the initial Z-CAN visit | ||||||
| Yes | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 9.0 |
| No | 90.6 | 90.7 | 90.3 | 90.4 | 91.0 | 90.5 |
NOTE: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding or missing data.
Abbreviations: IUD, intrauterine device; Z-CAN, Zika Contraception Access Network.
At or within 30 days of the initial Z-CAN visit.
To at least one survey (6-month survey, 24-month survey, or 36-month survey).
Data shown are restricted to patients aged ≥18 years who received a contraceptive method at or within 30 days of the initial Z-CAN visit. In total (not restricted by age or by receipt of a contraceptive method at or within 30 days of the initial Z-CAN visit), 29,221 patients received Z-CAN services.
Most effective contraceptive methods included IUDs, implants, and partner sterilization. Moderately effective contraceptive methods included injectables, pills, patch, ring, and diaphragm. The least effective contraceptive methods included male and female condoms, withdrawal, sponge, fertility awareness-based methods, and spermicides.
Assessed using the patient two-week follow-up survey.
p < 0.05 based on a chi-squared test comparing the distribution of the characteristic by survey respondent type (non-respondent or respondent).