Table 2.

Comparison of the state-level indicators of structural racism between women with and without severe adverse maternal outcomes (United States, 2017–2018)

Black-to-white inequity ratio	Non-Hispanic Black women (N = 1,081,078)			Non-Hispanic white women (N = 3,723,410)
	Women without SAMO (N = 1,069,572)	Women with SAMO (N = 11,506)	ASD (%)	Women with-out SAMO (N = 3,696,345)	Women with SAMO (N = 27,065)	ASD (%)
Lower education level (less than high-school diploma)	2.07 (1 sd, 1.96)	2.00 (1 sd, 1.48)	4.2	2.02 (1 sd, 0.99)	1.99 (1 sd, 0.77)	4.0
Unemployment rate	2.10 (1 sd, 0.29)	2.13 (1 sd, 0.29)	10.0	2.09 (1 sd, 0.30)	2.11 (1 sd, 0.32)	6.9
Prison incarceration rate	5.54 (1 sd, 2.42)	5.91 (1 sd, 2.48)	15.2	6.23 (1 sd, 2.49)	6.37 (1 sd, 2.46)	5.6

Bold values for the absolute standardized difference indicate a value greater than 10%

Indicators are non-Hispanic Black to non-Hispanic white inequity ratios in the three domains described above. A higher ratio value indicates more structural racism. Results are expressed as mean (one standard deviation). An absolute standardized difference greater than 10% indicates a clinically relevant imbalance between groups

ASD absolute standardized difference, SAMO severe adverse maternal outcomes, sd standardized deviation