Table 1.
Comparison of General Information Among Patients with Asthma, COPD and ACO, and Controls
| General Information | Asthma (n=48) | COPD (n=52) | ACO (n=30) | Control (n=54) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 43.21±10.73@ | 60.46±12.04 | 60.00±10.67 | 52.61±12.62*#▲ | <0.001 |
| Sex (male/female) | 23/25@ | 41/11 | 18/12 | 28/26# | 0.002 |
| BMI, kg.m−2 | 23.14±3.48 | 22.80±3.43 | 22.04±4.41 | 23.61±3.20 | 0.263 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.59(1.50–1.74) | 1.59(1.52–1.75) | 1.56(1.44–1.66) | 1.61(1.49–1.78) | 0.466 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 0(0) | 12(23.08) | 2(6.67) | 0(0) | <0.001 |
| Ex-smoker, n (%) | 0(0) | 27(51.92) | 23(76.66) | 13(24.07) | |
| Never smoked, n (%) | 0(0) | 13(25) | 5(16.67) | 41(75.93) | |
| Upper respiratory tract complications, n (%) | 27(56.25) @¥ | 5(9.62) | 7(23.33) | 3(5.56)* | <0.001 |
| Exacerbations, 0/1/≥2,n | 41/6/1 | 38/10/4 | 13/9/8 | NT | 0.001 |
| GINA/GOLDstage1-2/3-4, n | 43/5¥ | 37/14 | 16/14 | NT | 0.002 |
| LAMA, n (%) | 0(0) @¥ | 8(15.38) | 4(13.33) | NT | 0.006 |
| ICS/LABA, n (%) | 42(87.50) @ | 35(67.31) | 20(66.67) | NT | |
| ICS/LABA/LAMA,n(%) | 1(2.08) ¥ | 6(11.54) | 6(20.00) | NT | |
| Unmedicated, n (%) | 5(10.42) | 3(5.77) | 0(0) | NT |
Notes: Exacerbations were defined as the number of respiratory exacerbations that resulted in a hospitalization or an emergency room visit in the year preceding enrolment. Data are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation%), unless otherwise stated. Bold indicates P-values less than 0.05. *P<0.05, control vs asthma group; #P<0.05, control vs COPD group; ▲P<0.05, control vs ACO group; @P<0.05, asthma group vs COPD group; ¥P<0.05, asthma vs ACO. BSA = 0.20247 × height0.725 × weight0.425, BMI= weight/ height2, where height was measured in meters and weight was measured in kilograms.
Abbreviations: n, number; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACO, asthma–COPD overlap; BSA, body square area; BMI, body mass index; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; GINV, the Global Initiative for Asthma; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.