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. 2024 Mar 28;11(4):327–345. doi: 10.1177/23294965241228874

Table 3.

Indirect, Direct, and Total Effects of Surveillance on Worker Well-Being Outcomes.

Psychological Distress Job Satisfaction
Metric Coefficient SE p Standardized Coefficient Metric Coefficient SE p Standardized Coefficient
Individual indirect effects
 Job autonomy 0.020 0.007 ** 0.014 −0.103 0.021 *** −0.067
 Job pressures 0.080 0.013 *** 0.055 −0.072 0.013 *** −0.046
 Privacy violations 0.030 0.009 ** 0.020 −0.037 0.010 *** −0.024
Total indirect effects 0.129 0.018 *** 0.089 −0.213 0.028 *** −0.137
Direct effects −0.010 0.036 −0.007 0.148 0.038 *** 0.096
Total effects 0.119 0.035 ** 0.082 −0.064 0.040 −0.042

*p ≤ .05. **p ≤ .01. ***p ≤ .001. N = 3,508.