Table 1.
Use of HBOT in animal models of HIE.
| References | Model | N | Area/Mediator | Treatment protocol | Results (SA) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wei et al. (43) | 7-day-old rat pups in 3 groups (sham, HI control, and HI_HBO). Carotid ligature, 2h 8%O2 | 120 | Pyramidal cells, glial cells, and hippocampal dentate gyrus | HBO/min/QA | p < 0.001, p < 0.05 | Promoted repair and regeneration of the nervous system and contributed to the self-recovery and protection of damaged brains |
| Xue et al. (44) | Adult rats. Sham, control, HI, Hi-1.5ATA, and HI-2.5ATA | 60 | Hippocampus. Prefrontal cortex. IL1ß, IL6, TNFa, HIF1a, and SOD | HBO 1.5–2.5 ATA/60 min/QA for 6 days | p < 0.01, p < 0.05 | Protects myelin injury, promotes differentiation into oligodendrocytes, inhibits neuroinflammation, and balances oxidative damage and antioxidant activity; 2.5 AT A showed better results than 1.5 ATA |
| Wang et al. (45) | 7-day rat pups, carotid ligation/cut + 2 h hypoxia, study 30 days | 70 | HBO at 3,6,12,24, and 72 h. Stem cell proliferation and behavior evaluation | HBO 2.0 ATA/60 min/QD for 7 days. | p < 0.05 | Increases proliferation of neural stem cells, performs better in behavior tests, and causes less neural loss in hippocampal CA1; best at < 12 h. |
| Chen et al. (46) | 7-day rat pups, carotid ligation/cut + 2 h hypoxia, HBO at 1 h | 80 | Brain histopathology 7 days, water maze test 30 days; caspase 3 Nogo-A, +water maze test | HBO 2.5 ATA/120 min/QD for 7 days; w/ephedrine | p < 0.01, p < 0.05 | Reduces Caspase 3, Nogo-A and improves the Morris water maze tests after 4 weeks. |
| Chen et al. (47) | 14-day-old rats, SOD, MDA, VEP | 40 | Antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, brain synapsis CA3, and P1 VEP | HBO 2.0 ATA/60 min/QD for 14 days. | p < 0.01, p < 0.05 | Enhances antioxidant capacity, less ultrastructural damage, improves synaptic reconstruction, and promotes brain function |
| Yin et al. (48) | 7-day rat pups, BMP-4, HBO at 6 h HIE | 30 | BMP-4, nestin, tunnel in the hippocampus | HBO 2.0 ATA/40 min/QD for 7 days | p < 0.01 | Promotes neurological recovery and inhibits neural apoptosis. |
| Feng et al. (49) | 7-day rat pups, BMP-4, nestin, tunnel in the hippocampus HBO at 6 h HIE | 108 | Brains removed at 1,3,5,7,14,21 days | HBO 3 ATA 7 60 min/QD for 7 days | p < 0.05, p < 0.01 | Proliferates neural stem cells, improves recovery, and increases nestin |
| Wang et al. (50) | 7-day rat pups, Wnt 3, nestin, subventricular zone, HBO at 6 h HIE | 150 | Stem cells, nestin, WNR-3, at 6,24, and 7h and 7,14 days | at 3 h HIE HBO2 ATA/60 min/QD/ | p < 0.05, p < 0.01 | Proliferation/migration of neural stem cells subventricular zone, increased nestin, and Wnt-3 |
| Wei et al. (51) | 7-day rat pups, NGF, HBO at 6 h HIE | 40 | NGF, water maze, sensory-motor function at 30 and 42 days | HBO 2.0 ATA/30 min/QD for 7 days | p < 0.01 | Improves synaptogenesis, dendritic changes, and synaptic remodeling. Reduces escape latency and piercing index and improves sensory motor function |
| Yang et al. (52) | 7-day rat pups, NGF, HBO at < 1 h HIE | 360 | Mitochondrial function/MTP at 0,2,4,6, and12 h 2,3,4,5,6, and 7 days | HBO ATA/1 h/QD for 7days | p < 0.05 | Mitochondrial function/MTP after HBOT single dose at 2,3,4,5,6 and 7 days |
| Li et al. (53) | 7-day rat pups, HBO at 24 h before HIE | Caspase 3,9, TTC, and tunel | 7-day rat pups, HBO, and HBO 2.5 ATA/150 min | p < 0.05 | Preconditioning HIE increases survival and reduces infarction apoptosis | |
| Chen et al. (54) | 7-day rat pups, HBO < 24 h | 21 | Wnt3 -ß-catenin, BMP. NSC to neuron, oligodendro-cytes | HBO 2.0 ATA/60 min | p < 0.05 | Promotes differentiation of NSC into neurons, oligodendrocytes, increases astrocytes through Wnt-3/ß-catenin, BMP2. HBO 1 h > 30 min, 2 ATA > 3 ATA |
| Calvert et al. (55) | 7-day rat pups, HBO at 1 h | 30 | Caspase 3 at 18–24 h, PARP at 18–48, Tunel, cortex, and hippocampus, brain removed 12,18,24, and 48 h at 4–6 weeks. | HBO 3 ATA/60 min | p < 0.05 | Increases neuroprotection, reduces apoptosis and Caspase 3 cortex, hippocampus, reduces DNA fragmentation, tunel, and preserves brain weight, |
| Calvert et al. (56) | 7-day rat pups, HBO at 1 h | 144 | ATP, ATPase, hippocampus, and cortex at 4,24, and 72 h | HBO 2.5 ATA/120 min | p < 0.05 | Reduces IRI, brain weight, and morphology, 2.5 ATA > NBO |
| Calvert et al. (57) | 7-day rat pups, HBO at1 h | 144 | ATP, ATPase, hippocampus + cortex at 4,24, and 72 h | HBO 2.5 ATA/120 min | p < 0.05 | Reduces IRI, brain-weight and morphology, 2.5 ATA > NBOT |
| Calvert et al. (58) | 7-day rat pups | 134 | at 1,1.5,3 ATA histology at24h, 1,2, and10 weeks and 2, HIF1∞, and VEGF | HBO1.5-3 ATA/60 min | p < 0.05 | Protects against retinopathy, retinal vascular density, < brain weight, no > HIF1∞, VEGF |
| Günther et al. (59) | Hypoxically damage rat neocortical brain slices at 5-30 min hypoxia | - | HPLC, Celestine blue/fuchsin staining, ATP/ADP, GTP/GDP | HBO 2.5 ATA/30–120 min | p < 0.05, p < 0.01 | HBO 2.5 ATA/60 min > NBO at 5 min better than 30 min |
| Liu et al. (60) | 7-day rat pups, HBO at 1 h | 108 | Neuroprotection at 28–60 days, histology, Caspase3, AIFat 12,24, and 48 h, sensorimotor, Morris water maze test, and tunel | HBO2.5 ATA/90 min/QD | p < 0.05, p < 0.001 | HBO promotes long-term functional and histological recovery, induces neuroprotection, suppresses apoptosis, and inhibits Caspase-3 and AIF pathways |
| Calvert et al. (61) | 7-day rat pups, HBO at 1 h | 151 | Ipsilateral hemisphere weight, sensorimotor tests at 5 weeks | HBO 3 ATA/60 min | p < 0.05 | HBO reduces atrophy, and apoptosis and improves sensorimotor function at 5 weeks |