Table 2.
Changes in Metabolic Parameters before and after Combination Therapy of DPP4 and SGLT2 Inhibitors.
| Variable | Overall (n = 39) |
DPP4i add-on group (n = 20) | SGLT2i add-on group (n = 19) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c†, %, median (IQR) | ||||
| Baseline | 7.7 (7.3-8.2) | 7.7 (7.2-8.5) | 7.7 (7.5-8.3) | 0.92‡ |
| 24 weeks | 7.1 (6.6-7.9) | 7.2 (6.6-7.9) | 7.1 (6.5-7.7) | 0.74‡ |
| Change level | −0.70 (−1.2 to −0.3) |
−0.65 (−0.9 to −0.4) |
−0.70 (−1.2 to −0.3) |
0.47‡ |
| p‖ | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | |
| AST, IU/L, median (IQR) | ||||
| Baseline | 20 (17-27) (n = 38) |
20 (17-25) (n = 19) |
19 (16-28) (n = 19) |
0.71‡ |
| 24 weeks | 19 (17-24) (n = 37) |
19 (15-24) (n = 19) |
19 (17-26) (n = 18) |
0.71‡ |
| Change level | −2 (−4 to 1) (n = 36) |
−1 (−5 to 1) (n = 18) |
−2 (−4 to 0) (n = 18) |
0.43‡ |
| p‖ | 0.046* | 0.32 | 0.090 | |
| ALT, IU/L, median (IQR) | ||||
| Baseline | 23 (16-35) | 22 (16-27) | 23 (16-36) | 0.75‡ |
| 24 weeks | 18 (14-28) | 17 (13-28) | 20 (14-26) | 0.97‡ |
| Change level | −3 (−9 to 1) | −3 (−7 to 2) | −6 (−9 to 0) | 0.23‡ |
| p‖ | <0.001** | 0.10* | 0.003** | |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL, median (IQR) | ||||
| Baseline | 148 (110-231) (n = 39) |
184 (110-293) (n = 20) |
142 (127-197) (n = 19) |
0.19‡ |
| 24 weeks | 131 (97-206) (n = 37) |
131 (97-309) (n = 19) |
129 (91-165) (n = 18) |
0.29‡ |
| Change level | −19 (−76 to −18) (n = 37) |
−19 (−94 to 5) (n = 19) |
−11 (−63 to 26) (n = 18) |
0.35‡ |
| p‖ | 0.066 | 0.083 | 0.080 | |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL, mean ± SD | ||||
| Baseline | 116 ± 28 (n = 39) |
112 ± 30 (n = 20) |
121 ± 26 (n = 19) |
0.36§ |
| 24 weeks | 114 ± 30 (n = 38) |
112 ± 26 (n = 19) |
117 ± 35 (n = 19) |
0.56§ |
| Change level | −3 ± 20 (n = 38) |
−2 ± 17 (n = 19) |
−3 ± 23 (n = 19) |
0.89§ |
| p¶ | 0.38 | 0.53 | 0.54 | |
Continuous variables that showed a normal or nonnormal distribution are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range (IQR)), respectively. †, the median hemoglobin A1c level is presented as NGSP. The difference in values between the DPP4i and SGLT2i add-on groups was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test (‡) or Student’s t-test (§). Comparison of each value between baseline and 24 weeks was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test (‖) or the paired sample t-test (¶). *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor