Table 3.
Changes in Physical Parameters before and after Combination Therapy of DPP4 and SGLT2 Inhibitors.
| Variable | Overall (n = 39) |
DPP4i add-on group (n = 20) | SGLT2i add-on group (n = 19) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR) | ||||
| Baseline | 25.6 (23.6-28.4) | 26.1 (22.8-28.1) | 25.3 (24.1-28.9) | 0.84† |
| 24 weeks | 25.3 (23.1-28.1) | 25.9 (22.5-28.1) | 24.1 (23.2-27.8) | 0.77† |
| Change level | −0.49 (−1.04 to 0.17) |
0.00 (−0.60 to 0.34) |
−0.94 (−1.41 to −0.37) |
0.002†,** |
| p§ | 0.001** | 0.78 | <0.001** | |
| Blood pressure, mmHg, median (IQR) | ||||
| Systolic | (n = 36) | (n = 36) | (n = 19) | |
| Baseline | 127 (120-134) | 127 (120-134) | 130 (120-136) | 0.40† |
| 24 weeks | 128 (124-132) | 130 (123-134) | 128 (124-132) | 0.35† |
| Change level | 0 (−6 to 5.75) | −4 (−8 to 6) | 0 (−3 to 3.5) | 0.18† |
| p§ | 0.78 | 0.28 | 0.25 | |
| Diastolic | (n = 36) | (n = 17) | (n = 19) | |
| Baseline | 68 (60-76) | 66 (60-76) | 70 (62-78) | 0.34† |
| 24 weeks | 70 (60-74) | 70 (61-74) | 66 (60-74) | 0.69† |
| Change level | 0 (−6 to 4) | 0 (−3 to 8) | −2 (−8 to 4) | 0.21† |
| p§ | 0.57 | 0.59 | 0.25 | |
| Grip strength, kg, mean ± SD | ||||
| Baseline | 27.5 ± 9.6 | 30.3 ± 10.4 | 24.5 ± 8.3 | 0.058‡ |
| 24 weeks | 29.3 ± 9.8 | 31.7 ± 10.5 | 26.7 ± 8.6 | 0.11‡ |
| Change level | 1.7 ± 2.7 | 1.3 ± 2.2 | 2.1 ± 3.0 | 0.36‡ |
| p‖ | <0.001** | 0.014* | <0.001** | |
| Calf circumference, cm, mean ± SD | ||||
| Right | (n = 37) | (n = 18) | (n = 19) | |
| Baseline | 36.9 ± 3.6 | 36.9 ± 3.7 | 36.9 ± 3.6 | 0.98‡ |
| 24 weeks | 36.4 ± 2.8 | 36.7 ± 2.9 | 36.1 ± 2.8 | 0.34‡ |
| Change level | −0.66 ± 1.85 | −0.22 ± 2.16 | −1.05 ± 1.47 | 0.19‡ |
| p‖ | 0.12 | 0.67 | 0.080 | |
| Left | (n = 37) | (n = 18) | (n = 19) | |
| Baseline | 37.0 ± 3.1 | 36.8 ± 3.3 | 37.2 ± 3.1 | 0.75‡ |
| 24 weeks | 36.3 ± 2.9 | 36.7 ± 2.9 | 36.0 ± 3.0 | 0.65‡ |
| Change level | −0.55 ± 1.42 | −0.06 ± 1.36 | −0.94 ± 1.38 | 0.070‡ |
| p‖ | 0.013* | 0.67 | 0.006** | |
Continuous variables that showed a normal or nonnormal distribution are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range (IQR)), respectively. The difference in values between the DPP4i and SGLT2i add-on groups was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test (†) or Student’s t-test (‡). Comparison of each value between baseline and 24 weeks was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test (§) or the paired sample t-test (‖). *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01
ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor