Table 2.

Examples of Creating a Noun Phrase Title from a Sentence Expression.

Type 1: Theme only:

We investigated whether measuring X predicted the occurrence of Y.

“Measuring X to predict the occurrence of Y”

Type 2: Up to Materials and Methods:

We investigated whether measuring X predicted the occurrence of Y using a new Z technique for detecting X.

“Measuring X to predict the occurrence of Y with the use of Z technique”

Type 3: Up to the Results:

A high X value predicted the occurrence of Y.

“Prediction of occurrence of Y by measurement of X using Z technique”

Type 4: Up to study’s significance:

A high X value predicted the occurrence of Y in the most effective manner among the reported methods.

“The best method to predict the occurrence of Y: measuring X using Z technique”

From types 2 to 4, some new words have been added: “with the use of Z technique,” “prediction,” and “the best method,” respectively.