Table 1.
Study end points and reported results.
| Primary end point | Studies (N=28), n (%) | Studies with significant resultsa (n=21), n (%) |
| Change in HbA1cb | 19 (68) | 14 (67) |
| Multicomponent outcomes including HbA1cc | 4 (14) | 4 (19) |
| HOMA2-IRd | 1 (4) | 1 (5) |
| Feasibility, acceptance, and self-efficacy | 3 (11) | 2 (10) |
| Physical activity | 1 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Total | 28 (100) | 21 (100) |
aNumber of studies achieving statistically significant results in primary end point.
bHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin A1c.
cMultiple primary end points: HbA1c, glycemic control (HOMA2-IR, glycemic variability, fasting blood glucose, and postprandial 2-hour blood glucose), medication use, BMI, weight control, and retention rate.
dHOMA2-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance.