Table 1. Quality Assessment Checklist: Adapted from JBI and CASP. 36 .
| Author, Year & Place of research conducted | Clear research questio 1/aim 2/objective 1 | Methodology 1,2 | Research design 2 | Recruitment 2 | Data collection 1,2 | Researcher & participant relation 2/influence 1 | Participants and their voices 1 | Ethical consideration 1,2 | Data analysis 1,2 and Rigours 2 | Findings 2/interpretation of result 1 | Research value 2/conlusion 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmadi et al., 2019, Iran 1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Gu et al., 2019, China 4 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Jiang et al., 2015, China 16 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Hamilton et al., 2017, Canada 17 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Kooi et al., 2015, Netherland 18 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Luk et al., 2014, Canada 19 | ✓ | s | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Kandeel & Attia, 2013, Egypt 20 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Yönt et al., 2014, Turkey 21 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Langley et al., 2011, South Africa 22 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | s | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Luk et al., 2015, Canada 23 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Turgay et al., 2009, Turkey 24 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | s | ✓ | ✓ |
| Benbenbishty et al., 2010, Europe 25 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | s | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Unoki et al., 2019, Japan 26 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Ertuğrul & Özden, 2019, Turkey 27 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Guenette et al., 2017, Canada 28 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Dolan & Looby, 2017, Massachusetts, US 29 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Hevener et al., 2016, California, US 30 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | s | x | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Salehi et al., 2019, Iran 31 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Balcı & Arslan, 2018, Turkey 32 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Mitchell et al., 2018, Delaware, US 33 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Hall et al., 2017, Virginia, US 34 | ✓ | s | s | s | ✓ | NA | NA | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
✓ = Detailed coverage of screening question; s = Screening question covered; x = Screening question not covered; NA = Not applicable (Quantitative study).
1 = Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tool; 2 = Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP).