Fig. 4.

The variation of MMP and ROS after treatment in HEL cells. (A) HEL cells were treated with various concentrations of TMJ-105 (1, 2 and 4 μmol/L, DMSO as control) for 24 h and then stained with JC-1 staining buffer. Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by fluorescence microscopy (Magnification × 200; Scale bar: 100 μm). (B) Quantification of the JC-1 aggregates. (C) Quantification of the JC-1 monomers. (D) Quantification of the JC-1 ratio of monomers/aggregate. (E) HEL cells were treated with TMJ-105 for 12 h and then incubated with DCFH-DA probe. ROS level was determined by fluorescence microscopy (Magnification × 100; Scale bar: 50 μm). (F) Quantification of DCF fluorescence levels. Data were denoted by means ± SD (n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. the control group).