Table 1.

Potential therapeutic targets of CAAs in ovarian cancer

Strategy	Targets and drugs	Preclinical and clinical effects	Reference
Targeting lipid supply	Inhibitor of CD36	Reduce FA uptake by tumor cells and inhibit adipocyte-mediated proliferation and invasion	[96]
	FASN inhibition	Reduce FA generation and the energy utilization of tumor cells	[122]
	MCT1 inhibition	Reduce tumor growth and increase intra-tumor lactate	[111]
	Autophagy inhibition	Reduce FA release and attenuate the ability of tumor cells to utilize FAs	[123]
Targeting CAAs-derived soluble factors	Monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A	Inhibit the proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis	[124]
	Inhibitor of FABP4	Reduce the ability of tumor cells to adapt to and colonize adipocyte--rich TME and promote the sensitivity to carboplatin	[79]
	Inhibitor of ANGPTL4	Promote the sensitivity to chemotherapy	[80]
	Inhibitor of AA	Promote cisplatin-induced apoptosis of tumor cells	[81]
	Inhibitor of CCR5 (Maraviroc)	Reduce the recruitment and polarization of TAMs, thereby inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis	[125]
	Thymoquinone	Reduce the pro-inflammatory factors produced by CAAs such as IL-6 and IL-1β, thereby prevente the progression of tumor cells	[126]
Targeting lipid-derived EVs	miR-21	Inhibit the apoptosis and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cell	[83]
	miR-181	Increase the sensitivity to chemotherapy	[84]
	miR-424	Reduce the proliferation and angiogenesis of tumor cells	[86]
Targeting lipid metabolism	PPAR-γ inhibiton (GW9662)	Promote tumor cell apoptosis and improve the effect of chemotherapy	[115]
	Aspirin	Alter the metabolomic and FA composition of adipocytes and inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis	[127]
Targeting the formation of CAAs	Metformin	Inhibit the differentiation of ADSCs into adipocytes, thereby inhibit the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells	[128]
	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)	Inhibit the differentiation of ADSC into adipocytes, thereby prevent the invasive phenotype of tumor cells	[129]

FASN, fatty acid synthase; MCT1, monocarboxylate transporter 1; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A; FABP4, fatty acid binding protein 4; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin like protein 4; AA, arachidonic acid; CCR5, chemokine C-C-motif receptor 5; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; FAs, fatty acids; EVs, extracellular vesicles; ADSCs, adipose-derived stem/stromal cells.