Table 3.

Types of pathogens identified.

Types of Pathogens Identified
Percutaneous Endoscopic Debridement and Drainage (PEDD)		CT-Guided Biopsy
Study	Types of Pathogens Identified (N, %)	Study	Types of Pathogens Identified (N, %)
Yang et al., 2007	Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – 3 (23.1%) Oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus – 3 (23.1%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 2 (15.4%) Viridans Streptococci – 1 (7.7%) Prevotella species – 1 (7.7%) Enterococcus faecalis – 1 (7.7%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 1 (7.7%) Candida albicans – 1 (7.7%)	Yang et al., 2008	Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – 4 (22.22%) Oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus – 4 (22.22%) Tuberculosis – 1 (5.56%) Streptococcus viridans – 1 (5.56%) Candida albicans – 2 (11.11%) Propionibacterium acnes – 2 (11.11%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 1 (5.56%) Proteus mirabilis – 1 (5.56%) Enterococcus faecalis – 1 (5.56%) Escherichia coli – 1 (5.56%)
Yang et al., 2008	Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – 5 (27.78%) Oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus – 4 (22.22%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 3 (16.67%) Viridans streptococci – 2 (11.11%) Candida albicans – 1 (5.56%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 1 (5.56%) Prevotella species – 1 (5.56%) Enterococcus faecalis – 1 (5.56%)	Garg et al., 2014	Staphylococcus aureus – 8 (50%) Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus – 3 (18.8%) Escherichia coli – 1 (6.3%) Enterococcus faecium – 1 (6.3%) Proteus mirabilis – 1 (6.3%) Candida – 1 (6.3%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 1 (6.3%)
Fu et al., 2010	Candida albicans – 2 (40%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 1 (20%)Staphylococcus aureus – 1 - (20%) Enterococcus faecalis – 1 (20%)	Spira et al., 2016	Enterobacteria – 2 (20%) Staphylococci – 4 (40%, 1 methicillin-resistant) Aggregatibacter aphrophilus – 1 (10%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 2 (20%) Escherichia coli – 1 (10%)
Yang et al., 2014	Oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus – 9 (30%) Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – 8 (26.7%) Haemophilus influenzae – 3 (10%) Viridans Streptococci – 2 (6.7%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 2 (6.7%) Prevotella species – 1 (3.3%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 1 (3.3%) Enterococcus faecalis – 1 (3.3%) Escherichia coli – 1 (3.3%) Klebsiella pneumoniae – 1 (3.3%) Candida albicans – 1 (3.3%)	Kasalak et al., 2018	Propionibacterium acnes – 7 (35%)Staphylococcus aureus – 3 (15%) Enterococcus faecalis – 2 (10%) Candida albicans – 1 (5%) Candida krusei – 1 (5%) Escherichia coli and Bacteroides species – 1 (5%) Staphylococcus saccharolyticus – 1 (5%) Streptococcus agalactiae – 1 (5%) Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus species, and Neisseria species – 1 (5%) Streptococcus species – 1 (5%) Streptococcus sanguinis – 1 (5%)
Yang et al., 2014	Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – 6 (31.6%) Oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus – 4 (21.1%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 2 (10.5%) Viridans Streptococci – 2 (10.5%) Candida albicans – 1 (5.3%) Enterococcus faecalis – 1 (5.3%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 1 (5.3%) Haemophilus influenzae – 1 (5.3%) Escherichia coli – 1 (5.3%)	Braun et al., 2019	Escherichia coli – 3 (27.3%) Staphylococcus species – 6 (54.5%) Streptococcus species – 2 (18.2%)
Wang et al., 2016	Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 6 (18.8%) Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – 5 (15.6%) Oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus – 4 (12.5%) Escherichia coli – 3 (9.4%) Enterococcus faecalis – 3 (9.4%) Candida albicans – 2 (6.3%) Gram-positive bacilli – 2 (6.3%) Viridans Streptococci – 2 (6.3%) Streptococcus bovis – 1 (3.1%) Prevotella species – 1 (3.1%) Peptostreptococcus micros – 1 (3.1%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 1 (3.1%) Klebsiella pneumoniae – 1 (3.1%)	Afshari et al., 2020	Staphylococcus aureus – 1 (100%)
Yang et al., 2019	Oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus – 5 (29.5%) Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – 4 (23.5%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 4 (23.5%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 2 (11.8%) Viridans Streptococci – 1 (5.9%) Escherichia coli – 1 (5.9%)	Husseini et al., 2020	Staphylococcus aureus – 31 (32.6%) Streptococcal species – 11 (11.6%) Fungal species (Candida albicans, Candida parpsilosis, Aspergillus, Scedosporium) – 9 (9.5%) Escherichia coli – 6 (6.3%) Coagulase-negative Staphylococci species, (Staph epidermidis, hominis, lugdunensis) – 3 (3.2%) Enterococcus – 4 (4.2%) Klebsiella species – 4 (4.2%) Mycobacterium species (tuberculosis, abscessus) – 4 (4.2%) Salmonella species (including typhi) – 4 (4.2%) Enterobacter species – 3 (3.2%) Propionibacterium acnes – 3 (3.2%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 3 (3.2%) Other bacteria (Brucella, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Lactobacilius, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella) – 10 (10.5%)
Fu et al., 2019	Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus – 6 (20%) Enterococcus species – 6 (20%) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus – 5 (16.7%) Streptococcus species – 4 (13.3%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 4 (13.3%) Gram-positive bacilli – 2 (6.7%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 1 (3.3%) Klebsiella pneumoniae – 1 (3.3%) Fungus – 1 (3.3%)	Wong et al., 2021	Staphylococcus aureus – 11 (20.8%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – 10 (18.9%) Escherichia coli – 8 (15.1%)
Total	Staphylococcus species – 72 (43.90%) Streptococcus species – 30 (18.29%) Gram-negative bacilli – 23 (14.02%) Acid-fast bacteria – 22 (13.41%) Fungi – 9 (5.49%) Gram-positive bacilli – 4 (2.44%) Gram-negative coccobacilli – 4 (2.44%)	Total	Staphylococcus species – 79 (39.90%) Gram-negative bacilli – 39 (19.70%) Streptococcus species – 26 (13.13%) Acid-fast bacteria – 18 (9.09%) Fungi – 14 (7.07%) Gram-positive bacilli – 11 (5.56%) Gram-negative coccobacilli – 1 (0.56%) Other – 10 (5.05%)