TABLE 2.

Risk of bias assessment

a. Randomized controlled trial
Study	Randomization process	Deviations from the intended interventions	Missing outcome data	Measurement of the outcome	Selection of the reported result	Overall bias
Batitucci et al., 2022 [27]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Brady et al., 2021 [28]	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Haganes et al., 2022 [11]	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Kotarsky et al., 2021 [32]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Lin et al., 2022 [33]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Some concerns	Some concerns
Liu et al., 2023 [34]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Some concerns	Some concerns
Moro et al., 2016 [36]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Some concerns	Some concerns
Moro et al., 2020 [37]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Moro et al., 2021 [12]	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Some concerns	Some concerns
Peeke et al., 2021 [38]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Stratton et al., 2020 [40]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Some concerns	Some concerns
Tinsley et al., 2017 [41]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Some concerns	Some concerns
Tinsley et al., 2019 [42]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low

b. Randomized crossover study
Study	Randomization process	Bias arising from period and carryover effects	Deviations from intended interventions	Missing outcome data	Measurement of the outcome	Selection of the reported result	Overall bias
Correia et al., 2021 [29]	Some concerns	Some concerns	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Correia et al., 2023 [30]	Some concerns	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Correia et al., 2024 [31]	Some concerns	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Martínez-Rodríguez et al., 2021 [35]	Some concerns	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Richardson et al., 2023 [39]	Some concerns	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Tovar et al., 2021 [43]	Some concerns	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns