Figure 1.

Mapped venomics studies of four Palearctic viper genera from 2003 to 2023. Vipera (black), Montivipera (red), Macrovipera (blue), and Daboia (orange) from different geographical areas within 2003 to 2023. The bottom map shows the zoomed detailed overview of venomics studies on Turkish viper taxa with the original studies. Investigated taxa in this study are shown by images of the corresponding snake. Samples/specimen of nonreported venom origin were allocated to the respective capital city of the country. Closely located samples were summed to disks of increasing size. All snake images by Bayram Göçmen, except Daboia by Mert Karış.