Table 2.
Regression analyses of the relationship between telemedicine use and prior preventable hospitalizations (n = 135, 303).
| All preventable hospitalizations | Acute conditions | Chronic conditions | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Preventable hospitalization | |||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.94 (1.83, 2.06)*** | 1.80 (1.70, 1.92) *** | 1.85 (1.74, 1.96) *** | 1.98 (1.89, 2.09) *** | 1.80 (1.71, 1.90) *** | 1.82 (1.73, 1.92) *** | 1.40 (1.34, 1.45) *** | 1.54 (1.48, 1.61) *** | 1.61 (1.55, 1.69) *** |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0.79 (0.76, 0.82) *** | 0.80 (0.77, 0.83) *** | 0.76 (0.73, 0.79) *** | ||||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.69 (0.65, 0.73) *** | 0.70 (0.66, 0.74) *** | 0.70 (0.66, 0.74) *** | 0.70 (0.67, 0.75) *** | 0.68 (0.64, 0.72) *** | 0.68 (0.65, 0.72) *** | |||
| Native American | 0.81 (0.74, 0.89) *** | 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) *** | 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) *** | 0.83 (0.76, 0.91) *** | 0.79 (0.72, 0.87) *** | 0.80 (0.73, 0.88) *** | |||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.53 (0.45, 0.61) *** | 0.53 (0.46, 0.61) *** | 0.53 (0.46, 0.62) *** | 0.54 (0.46, 0.62) *** | 0.53 (0.46, 0.61) *** | 0.53 (0.46, 0.62) *** | |||
| Hispanic | 0.60 (0.57, 0.63) *** | 0.61 (0.58, 0.64) *** | 0.60 (0.58, 0.63) | 0.61 (0.58, 0.64) | 0.60 (0.57, 0.63) | 0.61 (0.58, 0.64) | |||
| Age (Years) | |||||||||
| 18–40 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 41–64 Years | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) *** | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.99) * | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 0.86 (0.82, 0.89) *** | 0.88 (0.84, 0.92) *** | |||
| ≥65 Years | 0.39 (0.35, 0.42) *** | 0.41 (0.38, 0.45) *** | 0.41 (0.37, 0.44) *** | 0.43 (0.40, 0.47) *** | 0.34 (0.31, 0.37) *** | 0.36 (0.33, 0.39) *** | |||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Female | 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) *** | 0.87 (0.84, 0.91) *** | 0.86 (0.83, 0.90) *** | 0.85 (0.82, 0.89) *** | 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) *** | 0.90 (0.86, 0.94) *** | |||
| Primary Language | |||||||||
| English | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Spanish | 0.42 (0.38, 0.46) *** | 0.43 (0.39, 0.47) *** | 0.42 (0.39, 0.46) *** | 0.43 (0.39, 0.47) *** | 0.40 (0.37, 0.44) *** | 0.41 (0.38, 0.45) *** | |||
| Other | 0.62 (0.50, 0.77) *** | 0.61 (0.49, 0.76) *** | 0.61 (0.49, 0.76) *** | 0.61 (0.49, 0.75) *** | 0.66 (0.53, 0.82) *** | 0.65 (0.53, 0.81) *** | |||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Single | 1.17 (1.05, 1.30) ** | 1.16 (1.05, 1.29) ** | 1.16 (1.05, 1.29) ** | 1.16 (1.04, 1.28) ** | 1.18 (1.07, 1.31) ** | 1.18 (1.06, 1.30) ** | |||
| Widow/ widower | 0.63 (0.42, 0.94) * | 0.64 (0.43, 0.95) * | 0.63 (0.43, 0.94) * | 0.64 (0.43, 0.96) * | 0.62 (0.42, 0.93) * | 0.63 (0.42, 0.94) * | |||
| Unspecified | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | |||
| Number of days enrolled in Medicaid | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) *** | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) *** | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) *** | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) *** | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) *** | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) *** | |||
| Year | |||||||||
| 2020 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| 2021 | 0.75 (0.73, 0.77) *** | 0.75 (0.73, 0.77) *** | 0.75 (0.73, 0.77) *** | 0.75 (0.72, 0.77) *** | 0.75 (0.73, 0.77) *** | 0.75 (0.73, 0.77) *** | |||
| 2022 | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.16) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.16) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.20) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | |||
***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.5.