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. 2024 Jul 23;15:1370845. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1370845

Table 3.

Differences according to gender and terms (preclinical and clinical) groups.

Gender Term
Women Men Preclinical Clinical
Min. Max. M SD M SD p M SD M SD p
EL 0 6 3.26 0.95 3.73 1.26 0.006 3.19 0.95 3.63 1.23 0.045
SL 0 6 3.34 0.91 3.58 1.15 0.301 3.74 0.99 3.24 0.81 0.041
L 0 12 6.60 1.68 7.31 1.83 0.018 6.93 1.75 6.87 1.72 0.571
PD 0 24 14.11 3.83 13.17 3.23 0.072 11.60 3.92 16.31 3.48 0.000
PLSE 0 16 10.53 3.75 10.70 3.64 0.557 9.61 3.56 11.91 3.47 0.000
PS 0 40 24.64 8.38 23.87 8.35 0.284 21.21 8.48 28.22 7.97 0.000
E 0 25 12.12 4.99 11.60 4.70 0.173 11.98 4.97 12.15 4.71 0.546
C 0 20 10.25 3.37 10.18 3.64 0.801 10.29 3.60 10.23 3.57 0.813
LAE 0 20 10.45 3.18 10.03 3.17 0.096 10.40 3.25 10.06 3.08 0.181
AB 0 65 32.82 9.54 31.81 9.25 0.174 32.67 9.73 32.44 9.68 0.495

M, Mean; SD, Standard Deviation; EL, Emotional Loneliness; SL, Social Loneliness; L, Loneliness; PD, Perceived Distress; PLSE, Perceived Low Self-Efficacy; PS, Perceived Stress; E, Exhaustion; C, Cynicism; LAE, Low Academic Efficacy; AB, Academic Burnout.