Table 2.
Regional quantitative and qualitative analysis of lung CT images stratified by subphenotypes
| Overall (N = 559) | Subphenotype 1 (N = 156) | Subphenotype 2 (N = 403) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
||||
| Whole lung | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 702 (106) | − 613 (112) | − 736 (80) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 2.91 (1.25) | 2.16 (0.9) | 3.2 (1.25) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 1.12 (0.33) | 1.28 (0.42) | 1.05 (0.27) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.43 (0.19) | 0.57 (0.17) | 0.37 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.36 (0.16) | 0.45 (0.14) | 0.33 (0.15) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.12 (0.09) | 0.05 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
 |
||||
| Left upper lobe | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 734 (110) | − 650 (135) | − 767 (77) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.8 (0.36) | 0.62 (0.28) | 0.87 (0.36) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.24 (0.08) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.38 (0.2) | 0.52 (0.21) | 0.32 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.33 (0.17) | 0.43 (0.16) | 0.29 (0.16) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.09 (0.11) | 0.03 (0.02) | < 0.001 |
| Left lower lobe | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 647 (145) | − 537 (169) | − 689 (109) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.55 (0.32) | 0.38 (0.23) | 0.62 (0.33) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.29 (0.12) | 0.24 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.52 (0.23) | 0.67 (0.2) | 0.46 (0.21) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.42 (0.18) | 0.49 (0.16) | 0.39 (0.18) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.1 (0.11) | 0.18 (0.17) | 0.07 (0.06) | < 0.001 |
| Right upper lobe | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 723 (113) | − 642 (129) | − 755 (88) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.64 (0.29) | 0.51 (0.25) | 0.69 (0.29) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.22 (0.08) | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.2 (0.07) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.39 (0.21) | 0.53 (0.21) | 0.34 (0.19) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.34 (0.18) | 0.43 (0.16) | 0.3 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.04 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Right medium lobe | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 758 (92) | − 694 (99) | − 783 (76) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.32 (0.15) | 0.25 (0.12) | 0.34 (0.15) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.1 (0.04) | 0.09 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.34 (0.19) | 0.47 (0.19) | 0.29 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.3 (0.17) | 0.41 (0.16) | 0.26 (0.16) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.02) | < 0.001 |
| Right lower lobe | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 635 (146) | − 516 (158) | − 682 (112) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.6 (0.34) | 0.4 (0.24) | 0.67 (0.34) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.29 (0.11) | 0.34 (0.15) | 0.27 (0.08) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.53 (0.23) | 0.7 (0.18) | 0.47 (0.22) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.42 (0.18) | 0.5 (0.15) | 0.39 (0.18) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.11 (0.11) | 0.19 (0.16) | 0.07 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
 |
||||
| Basal | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 679 (121) | − 585 (124) | − 715 (98) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.93 (0.43) | 0.68 (0.3) | 1.03 (0.43) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.39 (0.12) | 0.45 (0.15) | 0.37 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.47 (0.21) | 0.62 (0.18) | 0.42 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.4 (0.17) | 0.48 (0.15) | 0.36 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.14 (0.1) | 0.05 (0.04) | < 0.001 |
| Basal–apical | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 695 (109) | − 604 (115) | − 730 (83) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.96 (0.41) | 0.71 (0.3) | 1.06 (0.41) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.38 (0.12) | 0.44 (0.15) | 0.36 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.44 (0.2) | 0.58 (0.18) | 0.38 (0.18) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.36 (0.16) | 0.45 (0.14) | 0.33 (0.16) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.05 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Apical | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 732 (106) | − 650 (123) | − 763 (78) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 1.02 (0.42) | 0.77 (0.32) | 1.11 (0.42) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.34 (0.12) | 0.39 (0.15) | 0.32 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.38 (0.2) | 0.52 (0.2) | 0.32 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.33 (0.16) | 0.42 (0.15) | 0.29 (0.15) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.1 (0.09) | 0.03 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
 |
||||
| Dorsal | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 634 (144) | − 514 (157) | − 680 (109) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.88 (0.43) | 0.6 (0.31) | 0.98 (0.42) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.45 (0.16) | 0.53 (0.2) | 0.42 (0.13) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.54 (0.23) | 0.7 (0.18) | 0.48 (0.21) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.43 (0.18) | 0.5 (0.15) | 0.41 (0.18) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.11 (0.11) | 0.2 (0.16) | 0.07 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
| Dorso-ventral | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 699 (107) | − 611 (118) | − 733 (81) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.97 (0.41) | 0.72 (0.3) | 1.06 (0.41) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.38 (0.11) | 0.43 (0.14) | 0.36 (0.09) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.43 (0.2) | 0.58 (0.19) | 0.37 (0.18) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.36 (0.17) | 0.47 (0.15) | 0.33 (0.16) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.11 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Ventral | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 773 (86) | − 712 (98) | − 796 (67) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 1.06 (0.42) | 0.84 (0.32) | 1.15 (0.42) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.29 (0.09) | 0.32 (0.12) | 0.27 (0.08) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.31 (0.18) | 0.43 (0.19) | 0.27 (0.15) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.29 (0.16) | 0.38 (0.16) | 0.25 (0.14) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.01) | < 0.001 |
 |
||||
| Submantellar | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 686 (104) | − 600 (107) | − 719 (82) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 1.07 (0.51) | 0.83 (0.31) | 1.17 (0.55) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.46 (0.17) | 0.53 (0.17) | 0.44 (0.16) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.47 (0.18) | 0.6 (0.16) | 0.42 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.4 (0.15) | 0.47 (0.13) | 0.37 (0.15) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.07 (0.06) | 0.12 (0.08) | 0.05 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Central | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 715 (104) | − 630 (113) | − 747 (78) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 0.78 (0.29) | 0.6 (0.24) | 0.85 (0.28) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.29 (0.1) | 0.34 (0.12) | 0.27 (0.08) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.4 (0.19) | 0.54 (0.18) | 0.35 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.34 (0.16) | 0.43 (0.14) | 0.31 (0.15) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.06 (0.06) | 0.11 (0.09) | 0.04 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
| Hilar | ||||
| Mean lung density (HU) | − 712 (113) | − 618 (127) | − 748 (83) | < 0.001 |
| Lung gas volume (L) | 1.06 (0.67) | 0.72 (0.46) | 1.19 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Lung weight (kg) | 0.36 (0.16) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.35 (0.13) | < 0.001 |
| Total injury (fraction) | 0.4 (0.21) | 0.56 (0.2) | 0.34 (0.19) | < 0.001 |
| GGO (fraction) | 0.34 (0.17) | 0.44 (0.16) | 0.3 (0.17) | < 0.001 |
| Consolidation (fraction) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.12 (0.1) | 0.04 (0.03) | < 0.001 |
Values are expressed as mean (standard deviation)
HU hounsfield units, GGO ground-glass opacities