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. 2024 Aug 6;24:659. doi: 10.1186/s12877-024-05248-y

Table 1.

Characteristics of study populations included in the study

Participants, No. (%)
Characteristics IADL sample(n = 10,092) ADL sample(n = 10,180)
Wave 2 (2013)
 Age, mean (SD), y 61.98(8.44) 62.01(8.46)
Sex
 Female 3764(37.30) 3788(37.21)
 Male 6328(62.70) 6392(62.79)
Residence
 Rural 4041(40.04) 4069(39.97)
 Urban 6051(59.96) 6111(60.03)
Education attainment
 Less than lower secondary 8966(88.84) 9056(88.96)
 Upper secondary and Vocational training 970(9.61) 969(9.52)
 Tertiary 156(1.55) 155(1.52)
 Current smoking 1889(18.72) 8280(81.34)
 Current drinking 2897(28.71) 1900(18.66)
 CESD-10, mean (SD) 8.18(5.94) 8.18(5.94)
 Depression, n (%) 3405(33.74) 3439(33.78)
 Number of comorbidities, mean (SD) 1.65(1.51) 1.65(1.51)
 Some difficult with IADL, mean (SD) 0.58(1.16) 0.58(1.16)
 Some difficult with ADL, mean (SD) 0.37(0.94) 0.37(0.94)
Wave 3 (2015)
 Current smoking 1558(17.23) 7550(82.78)
 Current drinking 2487(27.52) 1571(17.22)
 CESD-10, mean (SD) 8.51(6.6) 8.53(6.59)
 Depression, n (%) 3209(36.66) 3246(36.78)
 Number of comorbidities, mean (SD) 2.17(1.72) 2.17(1.72)
 Some difficult with IADL, mean (SD) 0.7(1.31) 0.71(1.32)
 Some difficult with ADL, mean (SD) 0.51(1.13) 0.51(1.14)
Wave 4 (2018)
 Current smoking 1377(16.33) 1387(16.31)
 Current drinking 2204(26.14) 2214(26.04)
 CESD-10, mean (SD) 9(6.69) 9(6.69)
 Depression, n (%) 3171(40.35) 3204(40.45)
 Number of comorbidities, mean (SD) 2.53(1.97) 2.54(1.97)
 Some difficult with IADL, mean (SD) 0.82(1.45) 0.82(1.45)
 Some difficult with ADL, mean (SD) 0.55(1.21) 0.55(1.22)