Table 2.

GEE for repeated measures of bidirectional association

	IADL sample			ADL sample
Outcome	β	SE	P value	β	SE	P value
Depressive symptoms to IADL/ADL
Waves	0.006	0.008	0.4644	-0.000	0.064	0.9553
CESD10	0.041	0.002	< 0.001	0.034	0.007	< 0.001
CESD10 × wave	0.002	0.001	0.0089	0.001	0.002	0.0435
Age in wave 2	0.032	0.001	< 0.001	0.019	0.001	< 0.001
Gender	0.122	0.021	< 0.001	0.010	0.018	0.5801
Educate
Upper secondary and Vocational training	-0.126	0.031	< 0.001	-0.071	0.027	0.0076
Tertiary	-0.268	0.074	0.0003	-0.158	0.063	0.0124
Rural	0.184	0.018	< 0.001	0.104	0.016	< 0.001
Current smoke at each wave	-0.055	0.018	0.0018	-0.059	0.020	0.0039
Current drink at each wave	-0.020	0.024	0.4092	0.003	0.150	0.8282
Comorbidities at each wave	0.097	0.005	< 0.001	0.094	0.004	< 0.001
Outcome
IADL/ADL to depressive symptoms
Wave	0.023	0.028	0.4099	0.048	0.266	0.0729
Disability (IADL or ADL)	1.49	0.054	< 0.0001	1.483	0.648	< 0.001
Disability (IADL or ADL)  × wave	-0.034	0.020	0.0918	-0.077	0.024	0.001
Age in wave 2	-0.047	0.006	< 0.001	-0.034	0.006	< 0.001
Gender	1.557	0.111	< 0.001	1.684	0.111	< 0.001
Educate
Upper secondary and Vocational training	-1.367	0.163	< 0.001	-1.435	0.163	< 0.001
Tertiary	-1.851	0.388	< 0.001	1.959	0.390	< 0.001
Rural	1.452	0.096	< 0.001	1.545	0.096	< 0.001
Current smoke at each wave	-0.178	0.091	< 0.001	0.550	0.124	< 0.001
Current drink at each wave	0.519	0.124	0.0494	-0.237	0.090	0.0086
Comorbidities at each wave	0.632	0.025	< 0.001	0.626	0.025	< 0.001