Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the quartile of OBSa
| Characteristics | OBS | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||
| OBS range | 0 to<11 | 11 to<19 | 19 to<24 | 24 to < 37 | |
| N | 2953 | 3465 | 3212 | 3443 | |
| Males, N(%) | 1611 (54.55%) | 1738 (50.16%) | 1529 (47.60%) | 1693 (49.17%) | < 0.001 |
| Age, year | 49.19 ± 18.34 | 51.40 ± 18.23 | 49.80 ± 17.52 | 48.85 ± 17.10 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.21 ± 7.10 | 29.59 ± 6.61 | 29.25 ± 6.61 | 27.85 ± 6.23 | < 0.001 |
| Race | < 0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White, N(%) | 1241 (42.03%) | 1615 (46.61%) | 1708 (53.18%) | 2080 (60.41%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black, N(%) | 741 (25.09%) | 802 (23.15%) | 535 (16.66%) | 402 (11.68%) | |
| Mexican American, N(%) | 571 (19.34%) | 631 (18.21%) | 583 (18.15%) | 559 (16.24%) | |
| Other Hispanic, N(%) | 244 (8.26%) | 275 (7.94%) | 259 (8.06%) | 255 (7.41%) | |
| Other races, N(%) | 156 (5.28%) | 142 (4.10%) | 127 (3.95%) | 147 (4.27%) | |
| Current smoking, N(%) | 935 (31.66%) | 872 (25.17%) | 652 (20.30%) | 461 (13.39%) | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 124.87 ± 19.71 | 124.09 ± 18.79 | 122.95 ± 18.24 | 120.99 ± 17.06 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 69.95 ± 12.59 | 69.41 ± 12.16 | 70.02 ± 12.30 | 70.09 ± 11.34 | 0.081 |
| Poverty income ratio | 2.19 ± 1.54 | 2.38 ± 1.55 | 2.71 ± 1.61 | 2.97 ± 1.65 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c,% | 5.77 ± 1.13 | 5.76 ± 1.04 | 5.66 ± 0.96 | 5.58 ± 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 195.85 ± 43.76 | 196.10 ± 41.48 | 197.29 ± 40.59 | 196.25 ± 40.47 | 0.528 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 51.74 ± 16.84 | 51.57 ± 15.20 | 52.65 ± 15.91 | 54.66 ± 16.25 | < 0.001 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.21 (0.01-20.00) | 0.22 (0.01–17.50) | 0.20 (0.01–11.32) | 0.15 (0.01–13.90) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 94.07 ± 24.44 | 91.24 ± 25.16 | 93.14 ± 22.61 | 94.11 ± 21.36 | < 0.001 |
| ePWV, m/s | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 10 | 2211 (74.87%) | 2466 (71.17%) | 2449 (76.25%) | 2705 (78.57%) | |
| ≥ 10 | 742 (25.13%) | 999 (28.83%) | 763 (23.75%) | 738 (21.43%) | |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | |||||
| DM | 468 (15.85%) | 575 (16.59%) | 431 (13.42%) | 354 (10.28%) | < 0.001 |
| CVD | 412 (13.95%) | 486 (14.03%) | 327 (10.18%) | 256 (7.44%) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1275 (43.18%) | 1621 (46.78%) | 1312 (40.85%) | 1229 (35.70%) | < 0.001 |
| Medication use, N (%) | |||||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 897 (30.38%) | 1239 (35.76%) | 970 (30.20%) | 920 (26.72%) | < 0.001 |
| Lipoprotein-lowering drugs | 513 (17.37%) | 793 (22.89%) | 608 (18.93%) | 613 (17.80%) | < 0.001 |
| hypoglycemic drugs | 341 (11.55%) | 421 (12.15%) | 326 (10.15%) | 241 (7.00%) | < 0.001 |
aValues are mean ± SD, median [IQR] for skewed variables, or n (%) for categorical variables
Abbreviations OBS: Oxidative Balance Score; BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DM, Diabetes mellitus; CVD, Cardiovascular diseases