Table 3.
Differences in the uptake of COVID-19 related health care services according to socioeconomic characteristics
| Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination (n = 207) | Uptake of COVID-19 testing (n = 207) | Uptake of COVID-19 medical care (n = 68) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | p-value | No (n, %) | Yes (n, %) | p-value | No (n, %) | Yes (n,%) | p-value | |
| Location of residence | |||||||||
| Others | 4 (16.00) | 21 (84.00) | 0.244 | 6 (24.00) | 19 (76.00) | 0.985 | 3 (42.86) | 4 (57.14) | 0.342 |
| Kanto area | 14 (7.69) | 168 (92.31) | 44 (24.18) | 138 (75.82) | 13 (21.31) | 48 (78.69) | |||
| Age | |||||||||
| 30 years and older | 2 (2.02) | 97 (97.98) | 0.001 | 23 (23.23) | 76 (76.77) | 0.767 | 7 (19.44) | 29 (80.56) | 0.400 |
| Under 30 years | 16 (14.81) | 92 (85.19) | 27 (25.00) | 81 (75.00) | 9 (28.13) | 23 (71.88) | |||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Female and unidentified | 11 (7.59) | 134 (92.41) | 0.386 | 29 (20.00) | 116 (80.00) | 0.033 | 13 (26.00) | 37 (74.00) | 0.529 |
| Male | 7 (11.29) | 55 (88.71) | 21 (33.87) | 41 (66.13) | 3 (16.67) | 15 (83.33) | |||
| Highest education | |||||||||
| High school | 4 (11.11) | 32 (88.89) | 0.525 | 7 (19.44) | 29 (80.56) | 0.468 | 1 (10.00) | 9 (90.00) | 0.432 |
| College/university and above | 14 (8.19) | 157 (91.81) | 43 (25.15) | 128 (74.85) | 15 (25.86) | 43 (74.14) | |||
| Residential status | |||||||||
| Others | 5 (3.52) | 137 (96.48) | 0.001 | 32 (22.54) | 110 (77.46) | 0.421 | 9 (16.98) | 44 (83.02) | 0.017 |
| Low-skilled workers | 13 (20.00) | 52 (80.00) | 18 (27.69) | 47 (72.31) | 7 (46.67) | 8 (53.33) | |||
| Length of stay in Japan | |||||||||
| 6 months to 3 years | 14 (20.00) | 56 (80.00) | < 0.001 | 24 (34.29) | 46 (65.71) | 0.015 | 5 (45.45) | 6 (54.55) | 0.061 |
| 4 years and above | 4 (2.92) | 133 (97.08) | 26 (18.98) | 111 (81.02) | 11 (19.30) | 46 (80.70) | |||
| Japanese language proficiency | |||||||||
| Not at all or not very well | 7 (17.50) | 33 (82.50) | 0.028 | 17 (42.50) | 23 (57.50) | 0.003 | 2 (25.00) | 6 (75.00) | 0.917 |
| Well or very well | 11 (6.59) | 156 (93.41) | 33 (19.76) | 134 (80.24) | 14 (23.33) | 46 (76.67) | |||
| Type of work* | |||||||||
| Part-time/self-employed/freelance | 9 (15.52) | 49 (84.48) | 0.010 | 19 (32.76) | 39 (67.24) | 0.068 | 2 (11.76) | 15 (88.24) | 0.485 |
| Full time | 6 (4.55) | 126 (95.45) | 27 (20.45) | 105 (79.55) | 11 (24.44) | 34 (75.56) | |||
| Income** | |||||||||
| Less than 250,000 | 12 (12.00) | 88 (88.00) | 0.061 | 22 (22.00) | 78 (78.00) | 0.685 | 8 (26.67) | 22 (73.33) | 0.016 |
| More than 250,000 | 1 (2.08) | 47 (97.92) | 12 (25.00) | 36 (75.00) | 0 | 19 (100) | |||
| Living situation | |||||||||
| Alone | 11 (12.36) | 78 (87.64) | 0.104 | 24 (26.97) | 65 (73.03) | 0.412 | 9 (31.03) | 20 (68.97) | 0.208 |
| With family/friend/college/employer | 7 (5.93) | 111 (94.07) | 26 (22.03) | 92 (77.97) | 7 (17.95) | 32 (82.05) | |||
*Excluding “not working”
**Excluding “don’t want to answer”