Table 1.
Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics of study participants without diabetes, hypertension, and heavy proteinuria) n = 821
| Variable | eGFR | eGFR Categories, n(%)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 821 | N = 17 | N = 115 | N = 689 | ||
| N (%) a | Mean (SD) | < 60 | ≥ 60, < 90 | ≥ 90 | |
| Age | |||||
| < 20 | 60 (7) | 129.2 (21.4) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.7) | 58 (96.7) |
| 20–29 | 312 (38) | 120.1 (21.5) | 4 (1.3) | 33 (10.6) | 275 (88.1) |
| 30–39 | 232 (28) | 110.9 (20.6) | 6 (2.6) | 25 (10.8) | 201 (86.6) |
| 40–49 | 130 (16) | 102.7 (19.0) | 3 (2.3) | 27 (20.7) | 100 (76.9) |
| 50–59 | 46 (6) | 97.7 (14.2) | 0 | 10 (21.7) | 36 (78.3) |
| 60+ | 41 (5) | 83.1 (17.4) | 3 (7.3) | 19 (46.3) | 19 (46.3) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 504 (61) | 111.8 (23.6) | 14 (2.8) | 70 (13.9) | 420 (83.3) |
| Male | 317 (39) | 113.1 (21.7) | 3 (0.95) | 45 (14.1) | 269 (84.8) |
| Area | |||||
| Urban (Area 25) | 243 (29) | 110.4 (23.9) | 7 (2.9) | 46 (18.9) | 190 (78.1) |
| Rural (Bonje) | 578 (71) | 113.1 (22.4) | 10 (1.7) | 69 (11.9) | 499 (86.3) |
| Education (years) | |||||
| ≤ 5 | 59 (7) | 104.6 (22.9) | 1 (1.7) | 17 (28.8) | 41 (69.5) |
| > 5 ≤ 10 | 301 (36) | 112.1 (23.4) | 8 (2.7) | 35 (11.6) | 258 (85.7) |
| > 10 | 461 (56) | 113.4 (22.4) | 8 (1.7) | 63 (13.7) | 390 (84.6) |
| Occupation | |||||
| Agricultural worker | 383 (47) | 109.9 (20.8) | 7 (1.8) | 48 (12.5) | 328 (85.6) |
| Non-agricultural worker | 438 (53) | 114.3 (24.4) | 10 (2.3) | 67 (15.3) | 361 (82.4) |
| Household monthly income (MK) c | |||||
| Unknown | 17 (1) | 113.2 (32.0) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (5.9) | 15 (88.2) |
| MK 0 ≤ 20,000 | 406 (50) | 113.7 (22.7) | 7 (1.7) | 53 (13.1) | 346 (85.2) |
| MK > 20,000 | 398 (49) | 110.8 (22.6) | 9 (2.3) | 61 (15.3) | 328 (82.4) |
| Healthy lifestyle choices | |||||
| Non-smoker/never drink alcohol | 630 (77) | 111.8 (23.3) | 16 (2.6) | 86 (13.7) | 528 (83.8) |
| Smoker/alcohol drinker | 191 (23) | 113.7 (21.3) | 1 (0.5) | 29 (15.2) | 161 (84.3) |
| Regular meat eater | |||||
| Yes | 621 (76) | 111.3 (23.5) | 14 (2.3) | 87 (14.0) | 520 (83.7) |
| No | 200 (24) | 112.6 (21.0) | 3 (1.5) | 28 (14.0) | 169 (84.5) |
| Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | |||||
| Underweight (≤ 18.5) | 45 (6) | 118.0 (22.9) | 0 | 8 (17.8) | 37 (82.2) |
| Normal (> 18.5 - ≤ 25) | 545 (66) | 113.9 (22.2) | 8 (1.5) | 72 (13.2) | 465 (85.3) |
| Overweight (> 25 - ≤30) | 177 (22) | 108.4 (22.5) | 4 (2.3) | 25 (14.1) | 148 (83.6) |
| Obese (> 30) | 54 (7) | 104.3 (27.4) | 5 (9.3) | 10 (18.5) | 39 (72.2) |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | |||||
| 1st tertile (≤ 37) | 124 (15) | 112.7 (19.3) | 0 | 17 (13.7) | 107 (86.3) |
| 2nd tertile (> 37 - < 45) | 354 (43) | 111.3 (24.5) | 9 (2.5) | 57 (16.1) | 288 (81.4) |
| 3rd tertile (≥ 45) | 343 (42) | 111.3 (22.4) | 8 (2.3) | 41 (11.9) | 294 (85.7) |
| HIV status | |||||
| Positive | 3 (0.4) | 109.7 (21.7) | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.6) |
| Negative | 595 (73) | 112.3 (21.8) | 11 (1.8) | 75 (12.6) | 509 (85.5) |
| Unknown | 223 (27) | 112.2 (25.8) | 6 (2.7) | 39 (17.5) | 178 (79.8) |
apercentage in columns
bpercentage in rows
cExchange rate (MK to USD) 0.001 at time of questionnaire