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. 2024 Aug 6;24:957. doi: 10.1186/s12885-024-12672-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it.The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — GC cells induced polarization of M2 macrophages through exosome miR-541-5p. (A) The expression of miR-541-5p in exosomes from human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1, GC cell lines SGC-7901, AGS, MKN-45 and HGC-27, as well as human monocyte cell line THP1 (^*P < 0.05 vs. GES-1-Exo group). (B, C) The expression of miR-541-5p in THP1 (Mφ) cells treated with exosomes. (D, E) The expression of M2 markers CD163, TGF-β, IL-10 and Arg1 in THP1 (Mφ) cells treated with exosomes. (F, G) The percentage of CD11b⁺CD206⁺ cells in THP1 (Mφ) cells (^*P < 0.05 vs. SGC-7901-Exo or HGC-27-Exo group)