Table 5.
Longitudinal associations of suboptimal sleep with immune and neuroendocrine profiles
| Adjustments | Short Sleep | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RRR | SE | 95% CI | P | ||
| Moderate-risk Profile | |||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 1.15 | 0.12 | 0.94 | 1.41 | 0.171 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + baseline profiles a | 1.08 | 0.11 | 0.88 | 1.33 | 0.447 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + demographics & genetics b | 1.01 | 0.11 | 0.82 | 1.25 | 0.907 |
| Model 4: Fully Adjusted c | 0.90 | 0.10 | 0.72 | 1.12 | 0.335 |
| High-risk Profile | |||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 1.45 | 0.16 | 1.17 | 1.80 | 0.001 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + baseline profiles a | 1.26 | 0.16 | 0.98 | 1.62 | 0.075 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + demographics & genetics b | 1.19 | 0.16 | 0.92 | 1.54 | 0.192 |
| Model 4: Fully Adjusted c | 0.87 | 0.12 | 0.67 | 1.14 | 0.323 |
| Adjustments | Long Sleep | ||||
| RRR | SE | 95% CI | P | ||
| Moderate-risk Profile | |||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 1.55 | 0.48 | 0.85 | 2.84 | 0.152 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + baseline profiles a | 1.43 | 0.45 | 0.77 | 2.66 | 0.254 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + demographics & genetics b | 1.16 | 0.37 | 0.62 | 2.16 | 0.650 |
| Model 4: Fully Adjusted c | 1.05 | 0.34 | 0.55 | 1.98 | 0.893 |
| High-risk Profile | |||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 3.52 | 1.03 | 1.98 | 6.24 | <0.001 |
| Model 2: Model 1 + baseline profiles a | 2.78 | 0.94 | 1.43 | 5.41 | 0.003 |
| Model 3: Model 2 + demographics & genetics b | 2.02 | 0.70 | 1.02 | 3.98 | 0.043 |
| Model 4: Fully Adjusted c | 1.48 | 0.53 | 0.73 | 2.98 | 0.277 |
Notes: The low-risk group is the reference; RRR = relative risk ratio; SE = standard errors; CI = confidence interval; p = significance value.
Baseline immune and neuroendocrine profiles.
Demographic and genetic variables: age; sex; 10 principal components (PCs); C-reactive Protein (CRP) polygenic score (PGS); White Blood Cell Counts (WBCC) PGS; Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) PGS; [Hair] Cortisol PGS; Sleep Duration PGS.
All variables: Baseline immune and neuroendocrine profiles; age; sex; 10 PCs; CRP PGS; WBCC PGS; IGF-1 PGS; Cortisol PGS; education; wealth; occupational social status; smoking status; alcohol consumption; physical activity; mobility; limiting longstanding illness; health (i.e., chronic lung disease; coronary heart disease; abnormal heart rhythm; heart murmur; congestive heart failure; angina; hypertension; diabetes; cancer; Parkinson’s; Alzheimer’s; dementia; asthma; arthritis; osteoporosis; psychiatric disorder).